TRAINING FOR Dll AUGHT. 263 



against the tire ; but it will be better to fasten them in 

 at the back by means of a wood-screw, for if the brake 

 be applied behind the wheels, the small end of the wedge 

 coming at top, it would be liable to fall out. See Fig. 23. 



The other difficulty arises from the power by which 

 the brake is applied being frequently made to act not in 

 the centre of the brake -bar, but at or near one end of it. 

 The consequence is, that the other end not being equally 

 braced up, jerks and makes a clapping noise, which 

 frightens the horse. The power should therefore be 

 applied as nearly in the centre of the bar as possible, 

 and this should act on the tire of the wheel on a level 

 with the axletree, as most coachmakers know. The 

 brake is a great help when one has to deal with a horse 

 or pony given to bolting or running away, but it should 

 for this very reason be made to act as noiselessly as 

 possible. Perfectly noiseless it can scarcely be made, 

 and we should therefore accustom the horse to its use 

 on level ground in the first instance. Whenever one 

 can it is, of course, best to begin the training of young 

 horses in four-wheeled carriages ; if fitted with a brake 

 so much the better, and best of all when this can be 

 done alongside a steady trained horse. 



Eestiveness and insubordination in draught are not 

 easily dealt with, and are, perhaps, still more dangerous 

 than under the saddle. The general principles on which 

 these are best combated will be found in Part IV., 

 which treats especially this part of our subject. It 

 will be seldom safe for a gentleman driver to undertake 

 the correction of restive horses himself he will do 

 much better to leave this in the hands of professional 

 people ; but anyone can avoid making things worse 

 than they are, by simply laying it down as a rule to 



