THE FLOWER. 19 



Find upon the charts examples of complete and 

 incomplete flowers. 



If any of the flowers present strange appearances, 

 let them pass ; by-and-by, after further study, you can 

 put them where they belong. 



EXERCISE III. 

 Essential Organs and Protecting Organs. 



The chief purpose of the flower is the production 

 of seed ; but, to this end, some of its parts are more 

 necessary than others: for example, the action of 

 both stamens and pistil is needed in the formation 

 of seeds, while they are often produced without the 

 presence of either calyx or corolla. The stamens and 

 pistil are therefore called the essential organs of flow- 

 ers ; and, as the calyx and corolla cover and nourish 

 these, they have been called the protecting organs. 



Point out upon the charts the protecting organs 

 of flowers. Point out the essential organs. Do you 

 find both sets in all the flowers represented ? 



Examine your collection of flowers, and point out 

 in each specimen the essential organs and the pro- 

 tecting organs. 



NOTE. The same kinds of flowers will be used over and 

 over in observing their different features in successive exercises. 

 But, as pupils proceed, new kinds should be constantly sought 

 for, and, when obtained, they must be examined, with reference 

 to all the points of the preceding exercises. New kinds of 

 flowers are constantly opening as the season advances ; these, 

 as they appear, should be observed with reference to all the 

 points that have been before studied. 



