1GO THE HUMAN BODY. 



Man does not need it for this purpose, because he has 

 intelligence to clothe himself. The head and throat are, 



however, protected in this 

 way. In Fig. 63, we see 

 the root of a hair as the 

 microscope shows it. It is 

 in the true skin, at the 

 bottom of a tube. To the 

 lower end of this tube, a 

 muscular fiber is attached, 

 which passes up to the 



SECTION OF THE SKIN, SHOWING ROOTS OF Surface of the skin. When 

 HAIRS -1 Muscles attached to the hair- thj fiber contrac ts, it pulls 

 sac. 2. Sebaceous glands. 



. up the hair, and makes the 



skin around it project, like a pimple. Cold makes these 

 fibers contract : so does fear. It is in this way that the 

 hair " stands on end," and that " goose-flesh " is made. 



SEBACEOUS GLANDS. 



9. Opening into the tubes in which the hairs stand, 

 are other tubes, which come from little sacs, called seba- 

 ceous glands. These lie in the skin, by the side of the 

 hair-tubes. They manufacture an oily fluid, which is 

 poured into the hair-tube, and out on the surface. It 

 keeps the skin soft, and gives a moist and glossy appear- 

 ance to the hair. When the scalp is unhealthy, and these 

 glands are not active, the hair becomes harsh and dull 



and brittle. 



NAILS. 



10. The nails, like the hairs, grow from the skin. They 

 are, indeed, a bit of the top layer, or cuticle, specially har- 

 dened. It is desirable that the ends of the fingers should 



