APPENDIX. 183 



gentle stimulants. Heat is one of the best stimulants. Put 

 hot-water bottles at his feet and sides. Give air, but avoid 

 chilling him. Do not move him until he is better. 



Fractures and Dislocations. A broken or dislocated 

 limb is generally helpless. Even when there is no pain in 

 it, it can not be used. If there is reason for thinking that 

 such an accident has happened, the limb should be seen 

 immediately by a doctor. In the mean time keep it per- 

 fectly quiet. Do not allow the patient to attempt to use it. 

 Support it in the position in which it is most comfortable. 

 Bathe it in cold or hot water to relieve pain and keep down 

 swelling. 



Bleeding. When blood is flowing from a wound, it must 

 be stopped. In most cases it is only necessary to press a 

 handkerchief on it. This will check the flow so that the 

 blood can coagulate in the vessels. Sometimes it is neces- 

 sary to press hard upon the wound for a good while. Some- 

 times this will not be sufficient. The blood is flowing, perhaps, 

 from a large artery. Then a bandage must be drawn tight 

 around the limb above the wound. If the bleeding stops, the 

 bandage may be taken off in half an hour. If the bleeding 

 does not stop, it is, perhaps, coming from a vein ; and a band- 

 age must be tied around the limb below the wound. It may 

 be necessary to find the course of the bleeding vessel, and press 

 on it with the thumb. In some of these ways, external bleed- 

 ing can always be checked for the time. 



Bleeding from the Nose. Let the person keep upright, and 

 hold his hands above his head. Apply cold to the back of 

 the neck and to the forehead. Press on the- nostrils. Push a 

 little wad of cotton into the nostrils. 



Bleeding from the Langs or Stomach or Bowels. Keep the 

 patient perfectly quiet on his back. Do not let him talk. 

 Give him ice to swallow, and salt and water. 



