40 BEHAVIOR OF THE LOWER ORGANISMS 



(food or oxygen, for example) the organisms do not show movement in 

 a single direction, adapted to reaching these favorable conditions. On 

 the contrary, they show movements in all sorts of directions; one of 

 these is finally continued or selected by its success. We find again be- 

 havior based on the "selection from among the conditions produced by 

 varied movements." 



LITERATURE II 

 (On the behavior of Bacteria) 



ENGELMANN, 1881, 18820, 1888, 1894; JENNINGS AND CROSBY, 1901 ; MASSART, 

 1889, 1891, 18910; MAST, 1903; MIYOSHI, 1897; PFEFFER, 1884, 1888; ROTHERT, 

 1901, 1903. 



