xiv GENERAL KEY TO THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 



2. Carpels several-many-seeded (2-seeded in some Aeanthaceae). 

 I Fruit a berry, or more commonly a capsule which is 1-2-celled, 2-valved, circumscissile, or irregularly 



bursting, not elastically dehiscent. 

 Placentae axile. 



Ovary 2-celled, or rarely v5-celled. 



Flowers regular; fertile stamens 5 (4 in Petunia); fruit a berry or capsule. 



Faru. 26. Solanaceac. 3: 124. 

 Flowers more or less irregular; fertile stamens 2 or 4 (5 in Verbascum ) ; fruit a capsule. 



Fam. 27. Scrophu lariaceae. 3: 142. 

 Ovary i-celled; marsh or aquatic herbs with flowers on scapes. 



Fam. 28. Lentibulariaceae. 3: 188. 

 Placentae parietal. 



Herbs, parasitic on the roots of other plants, the leaves reduced to scales, not green; ovary 

 i-celled. Fam. 29. Orobancliaceae. 3: 194. 



Trees, vines, shrubs, or herbs, the foliage normal. 



Trees, shrubs, or woody vines; capsule 2-celled; seeds winged in our gfenera. 



Fam. 30. Bignoniaceae. 3: 198. 

 Opposite-leaved herbs; capsule i-celled in our genus; seeds wingless. 



Fam. 31. Marty niaceae. 3: 200. 

 t Capsule completely 2-celled, elastically loculicidally dehiscent; opposite-leaved herbs; placentae 



axile. Fam. 32. Aeanthaceae. 3: 201. 



o. Ovary and fruit 1 -celled with 1 erect orthotropous ovule and seed; herb with spicate flowers 



and reflexed fruits. Fam. 32*. Phrymaceae. 3: 205. 



& 4f Corolla scat ions, nerveless. Order 6. Plantaginales. 

 Herbs with small spicate or capitate flowers; one family. Fam. 33. Plantaginaceae. 3: 205. 



B. Ovary inferior. 

 I. Anthers distinct. 

 Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them (one fewer in Linnaea of the Capri- 

 foliaceae), or twice as many; ovary compound, with 1 ovule or more in each cavity; leaves 

 opposite, or verticillate. Order 7. Rubiales. 



Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes. 



Leaves always stipulate, usually blackening in drying. Fam. 34. Rubiaccae. 3:211. 



Leaves usually exstipulate, not blackening in drying. Fam. 35. Capri foliaceae. 3: 227. 

 Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes; low herb with ternately divided leaves. 



Fam. 36. Adoxaceae. 3: 242. 



Stamens mostly fewer than the corolla-lobes; ovary i-celled with 1 pendulous ovule, or 3-celled 



with 2 of the cavities without ovules. Order 8. Valerianates {Aggregalae). 



Ovary 3-celled; 2 cavities empty. Fam. 37. Valcrianaceae. 3:243. 



Ovary i-celled; flowers densely capitate, involucrate. Fam. 38. Dipsacaceae. 3: 247. 



II. Anthers united (except in Campanula and Legouzia of the Campanulaceae, in Ambrosiaceae, 

 and in Kuhnia of the Compositae. Order 9. Campanulales {Campanulatae). 

 Flowers not in involucrate heads; juice mostly milky. 



Endosperm none; flowers monoecious or dioecious; our species vines. 



Fam. 39. Cucurbitaceac. 3: 249. 

 Endosperm present, fleshy; flowers perfect. Fam. 40. Campanulaceae. 3: 252. 



Flowers in involucrate heads. 



Flowers all expanded into rays (ligulate); juice milky. Fam. 41. Cichoriaceae. 3:261. 



Flowers all tubular, or the outer expanded into rays; juice very rarely milky. 



Stamens distinct, or nearly so. Fam. 42. Ambrosiaceae. 3: 292. 



Stamens united by their anthers into a tube around the style (except in Kuhnia). 



Fam. 43. Compositae. 3: 298. 



