GENERAL KEY TO THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES. XI 



2. Carpels 2 or more, united into a compound ovary; stamens hypogynous; sepals mostly distinct. 



$f Plants not insectivorous. 



Order 13. Papaveraees {Rhoea dales). 

 Sepals 2 (very rarely 3 or 4); endosperm fleshy. Fam. 31. Papaveraccae. 2: 98. 



Sepals or calyx-segments 4-8; endosperm none. 



Capsule 2-celled by a longitudinal partition, usually 2-valved, rarely indehiscent; sepals and 

 petals 4. Fam. 32. Cruciferae. 2: 108. 



Capsule 1 -celled, of 2-6 carpels. 



Sepals and petals 4, regular, or petals irregular; capsule of 2 carpels, 2-valved. 



Fam. 33. Capparidaceae. 2: 154. 

 Sepals and petals 4-8, irregular; capsule of 3-6 carpels, 3-6-valved at the top; disk large. 



Fam. 34. Resedaccae. 2: 158. 

 vr -Jf Insectivorous plants, secreting a viscid liquid, with basal leaves and scapose flowers. 



Order 14. Sarraceniales. 



Ovary 3-5-celled; leaves hollow. Fam. 35. Sarraceniaceac. 2: 159. 



Ovary i-celled; leaves circinate in unfolding, the blade flat. Fam. 36. Droseraceae. 2: 160. 



3. Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or sometimes united; stamens mostly perigynous or epigynous; 



sepals mainly united or confluent with the concave receptacle. Order 15. Rosales. 



& Small aquatic fleshy herbs, with a spathe-like involucre, and a 2-3-celled capsule; perianth none. 



Fam. 37. Podostcmaceac. 2: 163. 

 Jf 4f Land or rarely swamp plants without an involucre. 



t Endosperm present, usually copious and fleshy. 

 Carpels as many as the calyx-segments; stamens as many or twice as many; more or less fleshy 

 herbs. Fam. 38 Crassulaceae. 2: 163. 



Carpels fewer than the calyx-segments, mostly 2 (ovary 1 -celled in Parnassia). 



Herbs, or opposite-leaved shrubs. Fam. 39. Saxifragaceae. 2: 169. 



Alternate-leaved shrubs or trees; styles 2. 



Fruit a i-celled berry. Fam. 40. Grossulariaceae. 2: 187. 



Fruit a 2-celled woody or hard capsule. Fam. 41. Hamamelidaceae. 2: 192. 



ft Endosperm none, or very little (copious in Opulaster, shrub of the Rosaceae). 

 J Trees with broad leaves and small monoecious capitate flowers. 



Fam. 42. Plalanaceae. 2: 194. 

 % % Flowers perfect (dioecious in Aruncus and in species of Fragaria of the Rosaceae ; in Gleditsta 

 and Gymnocladus of the Caesalpiniaceae, and rarely in some Papilionaceae). 



a. Flowers regular. 

 Pistils usually several or numerous (one only in Cercocarpus and sometimes in species of Alche- 

 milla and Sanguisorba). 

 Carpels distinct, sometimes adnate to the calyx, ripening into follicles or achenes. 



Fam. 43. Rosaceae. 2: 194. 

 Carpels united, enclosed by the calyx-tube and adnate to it, the fruit a pome. 



Fam. 44. Pomaceae. 2: 232. 

 Pistil only 1. 



Ovary 2-ovuled; fruit a drupe; leaves simple. Fam. 45. Drupaceae. 2:246. 



Ovary several-ovuled; fruit a legume; leaves 2-3-pinnate. Fam. 46. Mimosaceae. 2:254. 



b. Flowers irregular (nearly or quite regular in Gleditsta and Gymnocladus, 



trees of the Caesalpiniaceae). 

 Fruit a legume ; upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud ; leaves compound, mostly stip- 

 ulate. Fam. 47. Caesalpiniaceae. 2: 256. 

 Fruit spiny, indehiscent; leaves simple, exstipulate. Fam. 48. Kt'ameriaceae. 2: 261. 

 Fruit a legume or loment; upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in the bud; leaves compound 

 (sometimes i-foliolate), stipulate. Fam. 49. Papilionaceae. 2:262. 

 4 . Carpels united into a compound ovary; sepals mostly distinct. 

 - Stamens few, rarely more than twice as many as the sepals. 

 t Stamens as many as the sepals or fewer, and opposite them, or more numerous. 

 X Ovules pendulous, the raphe toward theaxis of the ovary. Order 16. Geraniales. 

 Stamens more than one; land plants. 



Flowers regular, or nearly so; petals present, usually as many as the sepals. 

 Herbs, the leaves not punctate; flowers perfect. 

 Leaves not pinnately compound. 



Capsule at length splitting into its 5 carpels; leaves lobed or dissected. 



Fam. 50. Geraniaceae. 2: 340. 

 Capsule 2-5-celled, not splitting into its carpels. 



Stamens 2-3 times as many as the petals; leaves 3-foliolate in our species. 



Fam. 51. Oxalidaceae. 2: 344. 

 Stamens as many as the petals; leaves entire. Fam. 52. Linaceae. 2: 348. 



Leaves pinnately compound. Fam. 53. Zygophyllaceae. 2: 351. 



Our species trees or shrubs with compound leaves, often punctate; flowers dioecious or 

 polygamous. 

 Leaves punctate. Fam. 54. Rutaceae. 2: 352. 



Leaves not punctate, but the bitter bark with oil-sacs. Fam. 55. Simarubaceae. 2: 354. 

 Flowers very irregular; petals 3; stamens usually 8; low herbs. Fam. 56. Polygalaceae. 2: 355. 

 Flowers regular, often apetalous, small, monoecious or dioecious; carpels mostly 3; herbs or 

 low shrubs, mostly with milky juice. Fam. 57. Enphorbiaceae. 2: 361. 



Stamen only 1; perianth none; styles 2; small aquatic or rarely terrestrial plants with opposite en- 

 tire leaves. Fam. 58. Callitrichaceae. 2:381. 

 % X Ovules pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or ascending. 



Order 17. Sapindales. 

 a. Flowers regular, or nearly so (except in Hippocastanaceae, which are trees or shrubs 



with digitately compound leaves). 

 Petals none (or 3 in Empetrum); flowers monoecious or dioecious; leaves evergreen. 



Stamens mostly 3; low heath-like shrubs. Fam. 59. Empetraceae. 2: 383. 



Stamens 4-7; our species an herb with broad leaves and spiked flowers. 



Fam. 60. Buxaceae. 2: 384. 



