Vol. III.] 



WATER-LEAF FAMILY. 



43 



Family 22. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 271. 1836. 



Water-leaf Family. 

 Herbs, mostly hirsute, pubescent or scabrous, with alternate or basal, rarely 

 opposite leaves, and perfect regular 5-parted flowers, in scorpioid cymes, spikes 

 or racemes, or rarely solitary. Calyx inferior, deeply cleft or divided, the 

 sinuses sometimes appendaged. Corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, salverform, 

 campanulate, or rotate. Stamens 5", inserted on the tube or base of the corolla, 

 and alternate with its lobes; filaments filiform; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear, 

 mostly versatile, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk annular, or 

 none. Ovary superior, 2-celled, or i-celledwith 2 placentae; styles 2, separate, 

 or partly united; stigmas small, terminal; ovules few or numerous, anatropous 

 or amphitropous. Capsule 1-2 -celled, mostly loculicidally 2-valved, rarely sep- 

 ticidally or irregularly dehiscent. Seeds oblong, globose, or angular, usually 

 pitted, rugose or reticulated; endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo small; 

 cotyledons half-terete or plano-convex. 



About 17 genera and 160 species, mostly natives of western North America. 

 Styles united below; ovary i -celled; leaves mostly lobed or dentate. 

 Corolla-lobes convolute in the bud; placentae dilated. 



Stamens exserted. i. Hydrophyllum. 



Stamens not exserted. 



Sinuses of the calyx appendaged. 2. 



Calyx much enlarged in fruit, its sinuses not appendaged. 3. 



Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud; placentae narrow. 4. 



Styles distinct to the base; ovary 2-celled; leaves entire. 5. 



Nemophila. 

 Macrocalyx. 

 Phacelia. 

 Nama. 



1. H. Virginicum. 



2. H. macrophyllum. 



3. H. appendiculalum. 



4. H. Canadense. 



i. HYDROPHYLLUM L. Sp. PI. 146. 1753. 



Perennial or biennial herbs, with large lobed pinnatifid or pinnately divided leaves, and 

 rather large, white blue or purple flowers, in terminal or lateral peduncled more or less 

 scorpioid cymes. Calyx deeply 5-parted, the segments lanceolate or subulate, the sinuses 

 naked or appendaged. Corolla tubular-campanulate or campanulate, 5-lobed, the lobes con- 

 volute in the bud, each with a linear appendage within, which extends to the base of the 

 corolla and is incurved into a groove. Stamens 5, exserted; filaments pilose below or at the 

 base; anthers linear or oblong, versatile. Ovary i-celled, hispid-pubescent; placentae fleshy, 

 dilated so as to nearly fill the cavity, free from the ovary-wall except at the top and bottom, 

 each enclosing 2 ovules; styles united nearly to the summit. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds 1-4, 

 globose-obovoid. [Greek, water- leaf, referring to the supposed cavity for water in each leaf.] 



About 6 species, natives of North America. 

 Leaves, at least the lower, pinnatifid or pinnately divided. 



Calyx not appendaged in the sinuses or scarcely so. 

 Plant sparingly pubescent; leaf-segments acute. 

 Plant villous-hirsute; leaf-segments blunt. 



Calyx with a reflexed appendage in each sinus. 

 Leaves palmately 5-9-lobed. 



1. Hydrophyllum Virginicum L. 

 Virginia Water-leaf . (Fig. 2996.) 



H. Virginicum L- Sp. PI. 146. 1753. 



Perennial by scaly rootstocks ; stems 

 slender, glabrous or nearly so, simple or 

 sparingly branched, ascending or erect, 

 rather weak, i-3 long. Lower and basal 

 leaves long-petioled, &'-\o' long, pinnately 

 divided into 5-7 oblong ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate acute or acutish sharply toothed 

 or incised segments i / -2 / long, glabrous or 

 with few scattered hairs; upper leaves simi- 

 lar, short-petioled, smaller, with fewer seg- 

 ments; cymes slender-peduncled, simple or 

 forked, dense or at length open; flowers 

 white or violet purple, darkest at high alti- 

 tudes, short-pedicelled; pedicels strigose- 

 pubescent; calyx-segments narrowly linear, 

 hispid, spreading, the sinuses not appen- 

 daged; corolla about 4" long; capsule glo- 

 bose, nearly 2" in diameter. 



In woods, Quebec to Alaska, south to South 

 Carolina, Kansas and Washington. Ascends to 

 5000 ft. in North Carolina. May-Aug. 



