VOI,. III.] 



BORAGE FAMILY. 



51 



copious, or none; embryo straight or curved; cotyledons mostly flat or plano- 

 convex; radicle short. 



About 85 genera and 1500 species, of wide geographic distribution. 



& Ovary entire or 2-4-grooved; style terminal. 1. Heliolropium. 



Jt re- Ovary 4-divided or deeply 4-lobed, the style arising from the center. 

 Flowers regular. 



Nutlets armed with barbed prickles. 



Nutlets spreading or divergent, covered by the prickles. 2. Cynoglossum. 



Nutlets erect or incurved, the prickles on their backs or margins. 3. Lappula. 



Nutlets unarmed. 



Nutlets attached laterally to the receptacle, sometimes just above their bases. 

 Fruiting calyx not greatly enlarged nor membranous. 



Corolla small, usually white; receptacle conic or elongated. 



Annuals; calyx nearly closed in fruit; inflorescence naked or bracteolate. 

 Lowest leaves mostly opposite; calyx persistent. 4. Allocarya. 



Leaves all alternate; calyx at length deciduous. 5. Cryptanthe. 



Perennials or biennials; calyx-segments more or less spreading in fruit; inflor- 

 escence leafy. 6. Oreocarya. 

 Corolla tubular- funnelform, mostly blue; receptacle flat or convex. 



Maritime; nutlets fleshy, smooth and shining. 

 Not maritime: nutlets wrinkled when mature and dry. 

 Fruiting calyx much enlarged, membranous, veiny. 

 Nutlets attached to the receptacle by their very bases. 

 Scar of attachment small, flat. 



Corolla salverform or funnelform, its lobes rounded, spreading. 

 Racemes not bracted; corolla-tube short. 

 Racemes bracted; corolla-tube cylindric, usually slender. 

 Corolla tubular, its lobes erect, acute. 

 Scar of attachment large, concave. 

 Corolla tubular, 5-toothed. 

 Corolla rotate; anthers erect in a cone. 

 Flowers irregular. 



Stamens included; throat of the corolla closed by scales. 

 Stamens exserted; throat of the corolla dilated, open. 



Pneumaria. 



Mertensia. 



Asperugo. 



10. Myosotis. 



1 1 . Lithosperm u m . 



12. Onosmodium. 



13. Symphytum. 



14. B or ago. 



15. Lycopsis. 



16. Echium. 



i. HELIOTROPIUM L,. Sp. PL 130. 1753. 



Herbs or shrubs, with alternate mostly entire and petioled leaves, and small blue or 

 white flowers, in scorpioid spikes, or scattered. Calyx-lobes or -segments lanceolate or lin- 

 ear. Corolla salverform or funnelform, naked in the throat, its tube cylindric, its lobes 

 imbricated, plicate or induplicate in the bud, spreading in flower. Stamens included; fila- 

 ments short, or none. Style terminal, short or slender; stigma conic or annular. Fruit 

 2-4-lobed, separating into 4 i-seedcd nutlets, or into 2, 2-seeded carpels. Ovary entire, or 

 2-4-grooved. [Greek, sun-turning, i. e., turning to or with the sun.] 



About 115 species, widely distributed in warm-temperate and tropical regions. Besides the fol- 

 lowing, some 9 others occur in the southern and western parts of North America. The species are 

 called Turnsole. 



Fruit 4-lobed, each lobe becoming a i-seeded nutlet. 

 Flowers in scorpioid spikes. 



Plant rough-puberulent; leaves oval. 1. H. Europaeum. 



Glabrous, fleshy; leaves linear or spatulate. 2. H. Curassavicum. 



Flowers solitary, terminating short branches. 3. H. tenellum. 



Fruit 2-lobed, or of 2 carpels. 



Style elongated; flowers large, scattered, white. 4. H. convolvulaceum. 



Style very short; flowers blue, in scorpioid spikes. 5. H. Indicum. 



1. Heliotropium Europaeum L. European 

 Heliotrope. (Fig. 3014.) 



Heliolropium Europaeum L- Sp. PI. 130. 1753. 



Annual, much branched, rough-puberulent, 6 / -i8 / 

 high. Leaves oval, i / -2 / long, obtuse at the apex, 

 narrowed at the base, slender-petioled, pinnately 

 veined; flowers white, i // -2 // broad, in dense i-sided 

 scorpioid, bractless spikes; terminal spikes in pairs, 

 the lateral ones commonly solitary, becoming i / ~3 / 

 long in fruit; calyx-segments lanceolate to linear- 

 lanceolate, shorter than the corolla-tube; anthers dis- 

 tinct, obtuse; stigma-tip long-conic; fruit depressed- 

 globose, pubescent, 4-lobed, at length separating into 

 4 nutlets. 



In waste places, southern New York and Pennsylvania 

 to Florida. Adventive or naturalized from Furope. 

 June-Oct. 



