96 



LABIATAE. 



I. Ballota nigra L. Black or Fetid Hoar- 

 hound. (Fig. 3115.) 



Ballota nigra L. Sp. PI. 582. 1753. 



Herbaceous, puberulent or pubescent, ill-scented; 

 stem usually branched, erect, i^-3 high, its hairs 

 mostly reflexed. Leaves slender-petioled, ovate, or 

 the lower nearly orbicular, acute or obtuse at the 

 apex, coarsely dentate, thin, narrowed, truncate or 

 subcordate at the base, i/-2' long; clusters numer- 

 ous, several- flowered, dense; bractlets subulate, 

 somewhat shorter than the calyx; calyx about 4" 

 long, its teeth lanceolate, sharp bristle-pointed, 

 spreading in fruit; corolla 6 // ~9 // long, reddish-pur- 

 ple to whitish, its upper lip pubescent on both sides; 

 nutlets shining. 



In waste places, eastern Massachusetts to Pennsylva- 

 nia. Naturalized from Europe. June-Sept. Old names, 

 Black Archangel, Hairhound, Henbit. 



20. STACHYS L. Sp. PI. 580. 1753. 

 Annual or perennial glabrous pubescent or hirsute herbs, with small or rather large pur- 

 ple yellow red or white flowers, loosely verticillate-clustered in terminal dense or interrupted 

 spikes, or also in the upper axils. Calyx mostly campanulate, 5-10-nerved, 5-toothed, the 

 teeth nearly equal in our species. Corolla purple in our species, its tube narrow, not exceed- 

 ing the calyx, the limb strongly 2-lipped; upper lip erect, concave, entire or emarginate; lower 

 lip spreading, 3-cleft, the middle lobe broader than the lateral ones, sometimes 2-lobed. Sta- 

 mens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, the anterior pair the longer, 

 sometimes deflexed or twisted after anthesis; anthers contiguous in pairs, 2-celled, the sacs 

 mostly divergent. Ovary deeply 4-lobed; style 2-cleft at the summit into subulate lobes. 

 Nutlets ovoid or oblong. [Greek, a spike, from the spicate inflorescence.] 



About 150 species, of wide geographic distribution in the north temperate zone, a few in South 

 America and South Africa. Besides the following, some 12 others occur in the southern and 

 southwestern United States. 



Leaves narrowed at the base, linear to lanceolate. 

 Stem glabrous; leaves entire, or nearly so. 

 Stem retrorsely hirsute; leaves serrulate. 

 Leaves cordate or truncate at the base, lanceolate to ovate. 

 Stem glabrous or very nearly so. 

 Stem hirsute. 



Leaves all very short-petioled, lanceolate. 

 Leaves, at least the lower, slender-petioled. 



Leaves lanceolate or ovate, acute or acuminate. 



Plant dark green; leaves firm; petioles 3" -18" long. 5. 5. aspera. 



Plant light green; leaves membranous; petioles %'-2' long. 6. 5. cordata. 



Leaves ovate, obtuse; diffuse annual. 7. 5". arvensis. 



i. Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. 



Hyssop Hedge Nettle. (Fig. 31 16.) 



5. paluslrisWa.lt. Fl. Car. 162. 1788. Not L. 1753. 

 5. hyssopifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 4. 1803. 



Perennial, glabrous or very nearly so 

 throughout, sometimes slightly hirsute at 

 the nodes; stem slender, usually branched, 

 erect or diffuse, i-i^ long. Leaves thin, 

 linear or linear-oblong, acute at both ends, or 

 the uppermost rounded at the base, short- 

 petioled or sessile, entire, or sparingly den- 

 ticulate with low teeth, i / -2 / long, \Yz"-\" 

 wide, the uppermost reduced to short floral 

 bracts; clusters few-several- flowered, forming 

 an interrupted spike; calyx glabrous or 

 slightly hirsute, i"-}," long, its teeth lanceo- 

 late-subulate, nearly as long as the tube; co- 

 rolla about 7" long, light purple, glabrous. 



In moist fields and thickets, Massachusetts to 

 Florida, west to Michigan and Virginia. July- 

 Sept. 



1. .S. hyssopifolia. 



2. 5. ambigua. 



3. 5. tenuifolia. 



4. S. palustris. 



