Voi,. III.] 



MINT FAMILY. 



99 



lower 3-cleft, spreading. Stamens and pistil as in Stachys, but the anther-sacs parallel in 

 some species. Nutlets ovoid, rounded above. [The 

 classical Latin name of Wood Betony.] 



Ten species, or more, natives of Europe and Asia. 



i. Betonica officinalis L. Betony. Wood 

 Betony. (Fig. 3123.) 



Betonica officinalis L. Sp. PI. 573. 1753. 



Stachys Betonica Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 532. 1834. 



Perennial, pilose or glabrate, deep green; stem slen- 

 der, erect, usually simple, i-3 tall. Leaves oblong 

 or ovate, obtuse at the apex, crenate all around, firm, 

 cordate or truncate at the base, the basal and lower 

 ones very long-petioled, the blades 3 / -6 / long, the 

 the upper distant, short-petioled or nearly sessile; 

 lower petioles 1^-4 times as long as the blades; spike 

 short, dense; bracts ovate, mucronate, about as long 

 as the calyx; calyx-teeth acicular, half as long as the 

 tube or more; corolla-tube exserted. 



In a thicket at Newton, Mass. Fugitive from Europe. 

 Also called Bishop's wort and Wild Hop. July-Sept. 



22. SALVIA L. Sp. PI. 23. 1753. 

 Herbs, or some species shrubs, with clustered usually showy flowers, the clusters mostly 

 spiked, racemed, or panicled. Calyx ovoid, tubular or campanulate, mostly naked in the 

 throat, 2-lipped; upper lip entire or 3-toothed; lower lip 2-cleft or 2-toothed. Corolla 

 strongly 2-lipped; upper lip usually concave, sometimes arched, entire, emarginate or 

 2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3-cleft or 3-lobed. Anther-bearing stamens 2 (the posterior 

 pair wanting or rudimentary); filaments usually short; connective of the anthers transverse, 

 linear or filiform, bearing a perfect anther-sac on its upper end, its lower end dilated, capi- 

 tate or sometimes bearing a small or rudimentary one. Ovary deeply 4- parted; style 2-cleft 

 at the summit. Nutlets smooth, usually developing mucilage and spiral tubes when wetted. 

 [Latin, salvus, safe, from its healing virtues.] 



About 500 species, of wide distribution in temperate and tropical regions, 

 ing, some 25 others occur in southern and western North America. 

 Leaves mostly basal, only 1-3 pairs on the stem. 



Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or repand; upper corolla-lip short. 

 Leaves crenulate; upper lip arched, longer than the lower. 

 Stem leafy, bearing several pairs of leaves. 

 Leaves narrowly oblong, or lanceolate. 



Corolla io"-i5" long, its tube exserted. 

 Corolla 4" -6" long, its tube not exserted. 

 Leaves ovate, or broadly oval. 



Upper corolla-lip short, not exceeding the lower. 



Leaves merely crenate or crenulate; fruiting calyx spreading. 

 Leaves pinnatifid, sinuate or incised; fruiting calyx defiexed. 

 Upper lip of corolla arched, longer than the lower. 



i. Salvia lyrata L. Lyre-leaved Sage. 

 (Fig. 3124.) 



Salvia lyrata L. Sp. PI. 23. 1753. 



Perennial or biennial, hirsute or pubescent; 

 stem slender, simple, or sparingly branched, 

 erect, i-3 high, bearing 1 or 2 distant pairs of 

 small leaves (rarely leafless), and several rather 

 distant whorls of large violet flowers. Basal 

 leaves tufted, long-petioled, obovate or broadly 

 oblong, lyrate-pinnatifid or repand-dentate, thin, 

 2, / -8 / long; stem-leaves similar, or narrower and 

 entire, sessile, or short-petioled; clusters about 

 6-flowered; calyx campanulate, the teeth of its 

 upper lip subulate, those of the lower longer, 

 aristulate; corolla about 1/ long, the tube very 

 narrow below, the upper lip much smaller than 

 the lower; filaments slender; anther-sacs borne 

 on both the upper and lower ends of the con- 

 nective, the lower one often smaller. 



In dry, mostly sandy woods and thickets, New 

 Jersey to Florida, west to Illinois, Arkansas and 

 Texas. Corolla rarely undeveloped. May-July. 



Besides the follow- 



5. 

 5. 



5. 



S. 

 5. 

 S. 



lyrata. 

 pratensis. 



Pitcheri. 

 lanceolata. 



urticifolia. 

 verbenaca. 

 Set area. 



