102 



LABIATAE. 



[Vol.. III. 



23. MONARDA L. Sp. PI. 22. 1753. 

 Perennial or annual erect aromatic herbs, with dentate or serrate leaves, and rather 

 large white red purple yellowish or mottled flowers, in dense capitate clusters, mostly bract- 

 eate and bracteolate, terminal and sometimes also axillary, the bracts sometimes brightly 

 colored. Calyx tubular, narrow, 15-nerved, nearly or quite equally 5-toothed, mostly villous 

 in the throat. Corolla glabrous within, usually puberulent or glandular without, the tube 

 slightly dilated above, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip erect or arched, emarginate or entire; 

 lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe larger or longer than the others. Anther- 

 bearing stamens 2, ascending, usually exserted, the posterior pair (staminodia) rudimentary 

 or wanting; anthers linear, versatile, 2-celled, the sacs divaricate, more or less confluent at 

 the base. Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the apex; nutlets ovoid, smooth. [In honor 

 of Nicolas Monardes, a Spanish physician and botanist of the sixteenth century.] 



About 10 species, natives of North America and Mexico. 

 Flower-clusters solitary, terminal (rarely also in the uppermost axils). 

 Leaves manifestly petioled, the petioles commonly slender. 

 Corolla scarlet, i}'-2' long; bracts red. 

 Corolla white, pink, or purple, i'~i%' long. 



Leaves membranous; corolla slightly pubescent, io"-i2" long. 

 Leaves thin or firm; corolla pubescent, \'-\%' long. 

 Pubescence spreading; leaves thin. 



Corolla cream-color, pink, or purplish. 

 Corolla or bracts deep purple or purple-red. 

 Pubescence short, canescent; leaves firm, pale. 

 Leaves sessile, or very short-petioled. 

 Flower-clusters both axillary and terminal. 



Cal5 T x-teeth triangular-lanceolate; corolla yellowish, mottled. 

 Calyx-teeth subulate-aristate; corolla white or purple, not mottled. 



M. didyma. 

 M. Clinopodia. 



M. fistulosa. 



M. media. 



M. sea bra. 



M. Bradburiana. 



M. punctata. 

 M. citriodora. 



i. Monarda didyma L,. 



Oswego Tea. American Bee Balm. (Fig. 3 131.) 

 Monarda didyma L. Sp. PI. 22. 1753. 



Perennial; stem stout, simple or branched, 

 villous pubescent, at least at the nodes, or gla- 

 brate, 2-3 high. Leaves thin, ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, petioled, dark green, usually with 

 some villous pubescence beneath and short scat- 

 tered hairs above, acuminate at apex, rounded or 

 narrowed at the base, sharply serrate, 3 / -6 / long, 

 i / ~3 / wide; lower petioles often 1/ long; flower- 

 clusters almost always solitary, terminal; bracts 

 commonly red; calyx incurved, nearly or quite 

 glabrous without, slightly hirsute in the throat, 

 its teeth subulate, nearly erect, about as long as 

 thediameter of the tube; corolla scarlet, \%'-2. f 

 long, sparingly puberulent; stamens exserted. 



In moist soil, especially along streams, New 

 Brunswick (?) to Ontario and Michigan, south to 

 Georgia. Ascends to 5200 ft. in North Carolina. 

 Called also Fragrant Balm, Mountain Mint and In- 

 dian's Plume. July-Sept. 



2. Monarda Clinopodia L,. Basal Balm. 

 (Fig. 3132.) 



Monarda Clinopodia L- Sp. PI. 22. 1753. 

 Pycnanthemum Monardella Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 



8. pi. 34. 1803. 



Perennial; stem slender, simple, or with few long 

 ascending branches, glabrous or slightly villous, 

 i-3 high. Leaves lanceolate, ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, membranous, bright green, mostly slen- 

 der-petioled, more or less villous on the veins be- 

 neath and puberulent above, acuminate at the 

 apex, rounded, narrowed or rarely subcordate at 

 the base, sharply serrate, 2 '-4' long, >^ / -2 / wide; 

 clusters solitary, terminal; bracts pale or white; 

 calyx curved, nearly glabrous without, somewhat 

 hirsute in the throat, its teeth subulate, slightly 

 spreading, about as long as the diameter of the 

 tube; corolla yellowish-pink, slightly pubescent, 



IO"-I2' 



long; stamens exserted. 



In woods and thickets, Ontario to Georgia and Ken- 

 tucky. Ascends to 5000 ft. in North Carolina. June-Aug 



