248 



DIPSACACEAE. 



[Vol. III. 



oblong heads in our species. Bracts of the involucre and scales of the receptacle rigid or 

 spiny pointed. Involucels 4-8-ribbed with a somewhat spreading border. Limb of the 

 calyx cup-shaped, 4-toothed or 4-lobed. Corolla oblique or 2-lipped, 4-lobed. Stamens 4. 

 Stigma oblique or lateral. Achene free from or adnate to the involucel. [Greek, to thirst, 

 the leaves of some species holding water.] 



About 15 species, natives of the Old World. 

 Scales of the receptacle straight-pointed. 1. D. sylvestris. 



Scales of the receptacle hooked at the apex. 2. D. fullonum. 



i. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. Wild, Common or Card Teasel. (Fig. 3481.) 



ipsacu 



Dipsacus fullonum L- Sp. PI. 97. In part. 1753. 

 Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. Fl. Angl. 49. 1762. 



Biennial, stout, with numerous short prickles 

 on the stem, branches, peduncles, midribs of the 

 leaves and involucre, otherwise glabrous or 

 nearly so, 3-6 high. Leaves sessile, or the 

 upper ones connate-perfoliate, lanceolate or ob- 

 long, the upper acuminate and generally entire, 

 the lower obtuse or obtusish, crenate or some- 

 times pinnatifid at the base, often i long; heads 

 at first ovoid, becoming cylindric, at length 3'- 

 4' long; flowers lilac, 4 // -6 // long; leaves of the 

 involucre linear, curved upward, as long as the 

 head or longer; scales of the receptacle ovate, 

 tipped with a long straight subulate barbed awn, 

 usually exceeding the flowers. 



In waste places, Maine and Ontario to Virginia, 

 west to Michigan. Naturalized from Europe and na- 

 tive also of Asia. July-Sept. Other English names 

 are Venus' Bath, Venus' Cup, Wood- or Church- 

 brooms, Shepherds' Staff, Card or Water Thistle, 

 Gipsy Combs, Hutton-weed. 



2. Dipsacus fullonum L. Fuller's 



Teasel. Fuller's Thistle. 



(Fig. 3482.) 



Dipsacus fullonum L. Sp. PI. 97. 1753. 

 Dipsacus fullonum var. sativus L- Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 

 1677. 1763. 



Similar to the preceding species. Leaves of 

 the involucre, or some of them, shorter than 

 the heads, spreading or at length reflexed ; scales 

 of the receptacle with hooked tips, about equal- 

 ling the flowers, which are usually paler than in 

 D. sylvestris. 



About wool mills, Eastern and Middle States, 

 rare. Fugitive from Europe. Other English names 

 are Clothiers' Brush, Venus' Bath, or Cup, Drapers' 

 Teasel. Generally regarded as probably a cultivated 

 variety of the preceding species, as it is not found 

 wild, except as an evident escape. 



2. SCABIOSA L> Sp. PI. 98. 1753. 



Herbs, with opposite leaves, no prickles, and blue pink or white flowers in peduncled 

 iuvolucrate heads. Bracts of the involucre herbaceous, separate, or slightly united at the 

 base. Scales of the receptacle small, capillary, or none, not sharp-pointed nor hooked. In- 

 volucels 2-8-ribbed, the margins 4-toothed or expanded. Calyx-limb 5-toothed. Limb of 

 the corolla 4-5-cleft, oblique or 2-lipped. Stamens 4 (rarely 2). Stigma oblique or lateral. 

 Achene more or less adnate to the involucel, crowned with the persistent calyx. [Latin, 

 scale, from its repute as a remedy for scaly eruptions.] 



About 100 species, natives of the Old World. 



Leaves, or some of them, pinnatifid; receptacle hairy, not scaly. 1. 5". arvensis. 



Leaves entire, or toothed; receptacle scaly. 2. S. auslralis. 



