262 



CICHORIACEAE. 



[Vol.. III. 



Flowers pink. 9. Pliloria. 



Plume-branches of the pappus interwebbed. 10. Tragopogon. 



A- -X- -/,- Pappus of simple bristles 1 of soft white scales with or without bristles in No. 18). 



f Receptacle with a few deciduous bristles; flowers yellow. 11. Malacothrix. 



tt Receptacle naked. 

 1 . Aehenes spinulose, or with short processes near the summit. 

 Heads few- (6-15) flowered, yellow; stem branching. 12. 



Heads many-flowered, yellow, solitary on scapes. 13. 



2. Aehenes smooth, or papillose, not spinulose toward the summit. 

 (a) Aehenes flattened. 

 Aehenes truncate, not beaked: flowers yellow. 14. 



Aehenes narrowed at the summit, or beaked; flowers blue or yellow. 15. 



(b) Aehenes cylindric, or prismatic. 

 Aehenes terete, not narrowed either at the base or summit; flowers pink or purple. 16. Lygodesmia. 

 Aehenes narrowed at the base, narrowed or beaked at the summit; flowers yellow. 

 Aehenes slender-beaked. 



Pappus-bristles not surrounded by a villous ring at base. 

 Pappus of slender simple bristles. 



Pappus of narrow soft scales, with or without some slender bristles. 

 Pappus-bristles surrounded by a villous white ring at base. 

 Aehenes merely narrowed above, not beaked. 

 Aehenes narrowed at the base, otherwise columnar, truncate (except in 2 species of Hieracium). 

 Flowers yellow, orange, or red. 21. Hieracium. 



Flowers white, cream-color, or purple. 22. Nabalus. 



Chondrilla. 

 Taraxacum. 



Sonchus. 

 Lactuca. 



17. Agoseris. 



18. Nothocalais. 



19. Silt lias. 



20. Crepis. 



i. CICHORIUM L. Sp. PI. 813. 1753. 



Erect branching herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, those of the stem and branches 

 usually very small and bract-like, and large heads of blue purple pink or white flowers, 

 peduncled, or in sessile clusters along the branches. Involucre of 2 series of herbaceous 

 bracts, the outer somewhat spreading, the inner erect and subtending, or partly enclosing, 

 the outer aehenes. Receptacle flat, naked, or slightly fimbrillate. Rays truncate and 5- 

 toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender, obtusish. 

 Aehenes 5-angled or 5-ribbed, truncate, not beaked. Pappus of 2 or 3 series of short blunt 

 scales. [From the Arabic name.] 



About S species, natives of the Old World. 



r 



i. Cichorium Intybus L. Chicory. Wild 

 Succory. Blue Sailors. Bunk. (Fig. 3513.) 



Cicliorium Intybus L. Sp. PI. 813. 1753. 



Perennial from a long deep tap-root; stems slightly 

 hispid, stiff, much branched, i-3 high. Basal leaves 

 spreading on the ground, runcinate-pinnatifid, spatulate 

 in outline, 3 / -6 / long, narrowed into long petioles; up- 

 per leaves much smaller, lanceolate or oblong, lobed or 

 entire, clasping and auricled at the base; heads numer- 

 ous, i / -i^ / broad, 1-4 together in sessile clusters on the 

 nearly naked or bracted branches; inner bracts of the in- 

 volucre about 8; flowers bright blue, or sometimes white. 



Roadsides, fields and waste places, Nova Scotia to Minne- 

 sota, North Carolina, Nebraska and Missouri. Abundant 

 eastward. The ground-up root is used as a substitute or adul- 

 terant for coffee. Flowers usually closed by noon. July-Oct. 

 Cichorium Intybus divaricatum DC. Prodr. 7: 84. 1838. 



Some or all the heads on stout spreading peduncles i'-4' 

 long. Frequent with the type. , 



2. LAPSANAL. Sp. PI. Si i. 1753. 



Annual erect branching herbs, with alternate dentate 

 or pinnatifid leaves.and small panicled slender-peduncled 

 heads of yellow- flowers. Involucre nearly cylindric, its 

 principal bracts in 1 series, nearly equal, with a few ex- 

 terior small ones at the base. Receptacle flat, naked. 

 Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagit- 

 tate at the base. Style-branches slender. Aehenes obo- 

 vate-oblong, 20-30-nerved, somewhat flattened, narrowed 

 below, rounded at the summit. Pappus none. [Greek, 

 lampsana, the name of a crucifer.] 



About 9 species, natives of the Old World. 



1. Lapsana communis L. Nipplewort. 

 Succory Dock-cress. (Fig. 3514.) 



Lapsana communis L. Sp. PI. 811. 1753. 



Stem paniculately branched, glabrous above, more or 

 less hispid-pubescent below, \-2> l A bigb. Lower leaves 

 ovate, repand-dentate, obtuse, thin, pubescent, or glabratc, pctioled, 2 / ~4 / long, often with 



