304 COMPOSITAE. 



Vernonia Drummondii Shuttlw. Drummond's Iron-weed. 



[Vol. III. 

 (Fig. 3607.) 



8. Vernonia marginata (Torr.) 

 Britton. James' Iron-weed. 

 (Fig. 3608.) 



/ 'ernonia altissima var. marginata Torr. Ann. 



Lye. N. Y. 2: 210. 1827. 

 Vernonia Jamesii T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 58. 1841. 

 Cacalia marginata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 968. 



1891. 

 Vernonia marginata Britton, Meni.Torr.Club, 



5: 311. 1894. 



Glabrous or very nearly so, i-3 high. 

 Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, minutely 

 denticulate, i-nerved, firm, punctate, 1'-^' 

 long, ij4 // ~3 // wide, acuminate; inflores- 

 cence rather loose; heads slender-peduncled; 

 involucre campanulate or turbinate, 15-30- 

 flowered, 4 // -6 // broad; bracts ovate or oval, 

 acute, mucronateorobtusish, purplish, some- 

 what pubescent, appressed; achenes nearly 

 glabrous, or somewhat pubescent. 



Prairies, Nebraska to Texas and New Mex- 

 ico. Autumn. 



Vernonia altissima var. grand) flora A. 

 Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: Part 2, 90. 1884. Not 

 V. grand iflora Less. 1831. 



Vernonia Drummondii Shuttlw.; Wer- 

 ner, Journ. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 16: 

 171. 1894. 



Stout, densely tomentose,3-7 high. 

 Leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 

 acuminate, finely serrate, 3 / -6 / long, 

 yi'-iyi' wide, scabrous above, densely 

 pubescent beneath; inflorescence usu- 

 ally compact; heads short-peduncled; 

 involucre hemispheric or short-cylin- 

 dric, 2 // -6 // in diameter, 15-50-flow- 

 ered; bracts purplish, appressed, ovate, 

 acute, or mucronate, more or less floc- 

 cose- pubescent or ciliate; achenes gla- 

 brous or a little pubescent. 



Prairies. Illinois and Kentucky to Mis- 

 souri and Texas. Autumn. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS L,. Sp. PI. 814. 1753. 



Perennial rigid pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal, simple pinnately-veined leaves, 

 and in our species glomerate bracted heads of blue or purple flowers in branching corymbs. 

 Heads discoid, 2-5-flovvered. Involucre compressed, oblong, its chaffy bracts imbricated in 

 about 2 series, the 4 outer bracts shorter. Bracts of the glomerules large, foliaceous. Recep- 

 tacle small, naked. Corolla nearly regular, 5-lobed, but a little deeper cleft on the inner 

 side. Achenes 10-ribbed, truncate. Pappus of rigid persistent awn-like scales or bristles in 

 1 or 2 rows. [Greek, ivory, or Elephant's-foot] 



About 14 species, natives of tropical or warm regions. Only the following are known to occur 

 in the United States. 



Stem and branches usually leafy. 1. E. Carolinian its. 

 Stem scapiform, naked, or with 1 or 2 leaves. 



Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 9" -2' wide; heads 4" long. 2. E. nudatus. 



Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate, 2' -4' wide; heads 6" long. 3. E. tomentosus 



