Genus 22.] 



THISTLE FAMILY. 



331 



(b) Leaves, at least the lower, more or less dentate or serrate. 

 | Leaves linear or linear-oblong^ 1' -2' long, scabrous. 22. 5. tortifolia. 



t t Leaves broader, lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, 2' -10' long. 

 % Stem densely pubescent; leaves more or less so. 



Leaves rugose-veiny beneath, sharply serrate. 

 Leaves not rugose, sparingly dentate or entire. 



% X Stem glabrous, or merely puberulent above 

 Leaves very rough on the upper surface, serrulate. 

 Leaves smooth, or minutely roughened on the upper surface. 

 Racemes few, widely divergent, very slender. 

 Lower leaves oblong, coarsely serrate. 

 Lower leaves ovate or lanceolate, rather finely serrate. 

 Racemes numerous, spreading, recurved or ascending. 

 Leaves all oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sessile. 

 At least the lower leaves petioled, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. 



Leaves firm, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; heads about 2' 



rays several. 29 



Leaves firm, narrowly lanceolate; heads about 2" 



5". rugosa. 

 S. fistulosa. 



25. 5". patula. 



26. 

 27. 



S. ulmifolia. 

 S. Bootlii. 



28. 5". Ellioltii. 



33- 

 34- 



35- 

 36. 

 37- 



5". rnpestris. 

 S. serotina. 



S. Missouriensis. 

 S. Shortii. 

 S. Gattingeri. 



high; racemes short; 

 5". neglecta. 

 high; racemes' few, short; rays 1-3. 

 30. 5". uniligulata. 

 Leaves firm, lanceolate or oval-lanceolate; heads iH"-2" high; racemes numerous, 



slender. 3 1 - $" juncea. 



Leaves thin, the lower broadly ovate, short-acuminate; heads 2^"-3^" high; racemes 

 numerous. 32. 5. argula. 



2. Leaves triple-nerved, *. e., with a pair of lateral veins much stronger than the others. 

 Stem glabrous; bracts of the involucre obtuse. 

 Leaves, and bracts of the involucre thin. 



Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire or sparingly serrate. 

 Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate. 

 Leaves,' and bracts of the involucre thick, somewhat rigid. 

 Leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate; achenes glabrous. 

 Leaves oblong-lanceolate; achenes silky-pubescent. 

 Basal leaves oblanceolate, upper bract-like. 

 Stem pubescent or scabrous. 



Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate or entire, rough above. 



Leaves oblanceolate, spatulate, oblong, or ovate, the lower crenate. 



Minutely rough-pubescent, grayish; lower leaves oblanceolate; heads 2" high. 



39. .S. nemoralis. 

 Canescent and pale; leaves oblong or ovate; heads 3" high. 40. 5". mollis. 

 Very scabrous, green, not grayish, nor canescent. \\. S. radula. 



Leaves broadly ovate-oval, sharply serrate, finely pubescent. 42. 5. Drummondii. 



q. jf y. % Heads in a terminal, corymbiform, sometimes thyrsoid cyme, forming a flat-topped inflorescence. 

 Leaves ovate, oblong, or oval, very rough on both sides. 43. 5. rigida. 



Leaves lanceolate, linear, oblong, or oblanceolate, glabrous or nearly so. 

 Leaves, at least the lower, oblanceolate; high northern. 

 Leaves not oblanceolate nor spatulate. 



Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulate. 

 Leaves all lanceolate or linear, entire. 



Stout; leaves lanceolate, the basal 8'-i2 ( long. 

 Slender; leaves linear, the basal 4' -5' long. 



38. 5". Canadensis. 



44. 



45- 



46. 

 47- 



S. 

 S. 



multiradiata. 

 Ohioensis. 



S. Riddellii. 

 S. Houghtoni. 



i. Solidago squarrosa Muhl. Stout Ragged Golden-rod. (Fig. 3671.) 



Solidago squarrosa Muhl. Cat. 76. 1813. 



Stem stout, simple, or rarely branched 

 above, glabrous or puberulent, 2-5 higb. 

 Upper leaves oblong, acute, entire or nearly 

 so, sessile; lower and basal leaves obovate, 

 oval, or broadly spatulate, acute or obtuse, 

 4 / -io / long, i'-y wide, sharply dentate, 

 often narrowed into a margined petiole, all 

 glabrous, or sometimes slightly pubescent; 

 heads 15-25-flowered, 4 // -5 // bigh, numerous 

 in a terminal narrow often leafy thyrsus some- 

 times I2 / in length; rays 10-15, showy, 2 // - 

 3 // long; tips of the involucral bracts green, 

 acute or obtuse, rarely some of them erect, 

 all usually strongly recurved, giving the 

 beads a ragged appearance ; achenes glabrous. 



In rocky soil, New Brunswick and Ontario, 

 south to Virginia and Ohio. Ascends to 2000 

 ft. in the Catskills. Lower branches of the in- 

 florescence sometimes elongated. Aug.-Oct. 



