Voi.. II.] 



POPPY FAMILY. 



99 



About 26 genera and 200 species, widely distributed, most abundant in the north temperate zone. 



Jf Flowers regular. 



Pod dehiscent at the top, or only to the middle. 

 Leaves not spiny-toothed. 

 Leaves spiny-toothed. 

 Pod dehiscent to the base. 

 Flowers white; juice red. 

 Flowers and juice yellow. 



Capsule oblong or short-linear, bristly. 



Capsule long-linear, rough, tipped with a dilated stigma. 



Capsule linear, smooth, tipped with a subulate style and minute stigma. 



X--X- Flowers irregular. Family FuMARIACEAE DC. 

 Each of the 2 outer petals spurred at the base. 



Corolla deeply cordate at base ; petals slightly coherent. 



Corolla rounded or slightly cordate; petals permanently coherent, persistent. 

 One of the outer petals spurred at base. 

 Capsule 2-valved, few-several-seeded. 



i. Papaver. 

 2. Argemone. 



3. Sanguinaria. 



4. Stylophorum. 



5. Glaucium. 



6. Chelidonium. 



Bicuculla. 

 Adlumia. 



Fruit globose, indehiscent, i-seeded. 



9. Capnoides. 

 10. Fumaria. 



i. PAPAVER L. Sp. PI. 506. 1753. 



Hispid or glaucous herbs, with milky sap, lobed or dissected alternate leaves, nodding 

 flower-buds and showy regular flowers. Sepals 2 or occasionally 3. Petals 4-6. Stamens oo . 

 Anthers extrorse. Ovules oo, borne on numerous internally-projecting placentae. Stigmas 

 united into a radiate persistent disc. Capsule globose, obovoid, or oblong, dehiscent near the 

 summit. Seeds marked with minute depressions. [Classic Latin name of the poppy.] 



About 25 species, mostly natives of the Old World, but 2 or 3 indigenous in western America. 

 Glabrate and glaucous; leaves lobed, clasping; capsule subglobose. i. P. somniferum. 



Green, hirsute; leaves pinnately divided. 



Stems branching, leafy; weeds of waste or cultivated ground. 

 Capsule glabrous. 



Capsule subglobose or top-shaped. 2. P. Rhoeas. 



Capsule oblong, narrowed below. 3. P. dubium. 



Capsule oblong, hispid with a few erect hairs. 4. P. Argemone. 



Leaves all basal; capsule obovoid, densely hispid with erect hairs; arctic. 5. P. alpinum. 



i. Papaver somniferum L/. Opium or 

 Garden Poppy. (Fig. 1658.) 



Papaver somniferum L. Sp. PI. 508. 1753. 



Erect, sparingly branched, glaucous, i-3 high. 

 Leaves clasping by a cordate base, 4 / -8 / long, 2 / -3 / 

 wide, oblong, wavy, lobed or toothed; flowers 3 '-4' 

 broad, bluish-white with a purple centre; filaments 

 somewhat dilated upward; capsule globose, glabrous. 



Occasional in waste grounds and on ballast. Fugitive 

 from Europe. Often cultivated for ornament. Widely cul- 

 tivated in Europe and Asia for its capsules, from which the 

 drug opium, and poppy-oil are derived. Native of the 

 Mediterranean region. Summer. 



2. Papaver Rhoeas L. Field, Red or Corn 



Poppy. (Fig. 1659.) 

 Papaver Rhoeas L. Sp. PI. 507. 1753. 



Erect, branching, i-3 high, hispid with spreading 

 bristly hairs. Lower leaves petioled, 4 / -6 / long, the 

 upper smaller, sessile, all pinnatifid; lobes lanceolate, 

 acute, serrate; flowers -2'-$.' broad, scarlet with a darker 

 centre; filaments not dilated; capsule subglobose or top- 

 shaped, glabrous, the disk with 10 or more stigmatic rays. 



In waste places and on ballast, not common. Occasion- 

 ally cultivated. Fugitive from Europe. Summer. Old 

 English names, Corn-rose, Red-weed, Headache, Canker- 

 rose and Cheese-bowl. 



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