Voi,. II.] MUSTARD FAMILY. 117 



10. CAKILE Gaertn. Frtict. et'Sem. 2: 287. 1791. 



Annual, diffuse or ascending, glabrous fleshy branching herbs, with purplish flowers. 

 Siliques elongated, sessile on the calyx, flattened or ridged, indehiscent, 2-jointed, the joints 

 i -celled and i-seeded. Style none; cotyledons accumbent. [Old Arabic name.] 



A genus of about 3 species, natives of sea and lake shores of Europe and North America, one 

 of them extending into tropical regions. 



i. Cakile edentula (Bigel.) Hook. 



American Sea Rocket. 



(Fig. 1699.) 



Bunias edentula Bigel. Fl. Bost. 157. 1814. 

 Cakile Americana Nutt. Gen. 2: 62. 1818. 

 Cakile edentula Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 59. 1830. 



Very fleshy throughout, bushy-branched from 

 a deep root, the lower branches spreading or 

 ascending, the central ones erect, i in height 

 or less. Leaves oblanceolate, or obovate, ob- 

 tuse, sinuate-dentate or lobed, narrowed at the 

 base, the lower 3 / ~5 / long; flowers light purple, 

 2 //_2// broad; petals long-clawed, more than 

 twice the length of the sepals; pod 6 // -io // 

 long, upper joint slightly longer than the lower, 

 ovoid, flattened, narrowed into a beak above; 

 lower joint obovoid, not flattened. 



In sands of the seashore, Newfoundland to New 

 Jersey and Florida, and along the Great Lakes, New 

 York to Minnesota. Also on the California coast. 

 Summer. 



ii. SINAPIS L. Sp. PL 668. 1753. 



Annual or biennial, usually erect, branching more or less hispid herbs, with pinnutiiid 

 or lobed leaves, and rather large, mostly yellow flowers in terminal racemes. Siliques linear, 

 nearly terete, constricted between the seeds, sessile in the calyx, densely hispid in our 

 species, tipped with a very long flat sword-like beak which sometimes contains a seed near 

 its base. Seeds oblong or subglobose, not winged nor margined. Cotyledons conduplicate. 

 [Name Greek, said to come from the Celtic for turnip.] 



About 5 species, natives of southern Europe. Only the following is known from North 

 America. 



i. Sinapis alba L,. White Mustard. (Fig. 1700.) 



Sinapis alba L. Sp. PI. 668. 1753. 



Brassica alba Boiss. Voy. Espag. 2: 39. 1839-45. 



Erect, i-2 high, more or less pubescent 

 with stiff spreading hairs. Lower leaves 

 6 / -8 / long, obovate in outline, deeply pin- 

 natifid or pinnate, with a large terminal leaf- 

 let or lobe and several pairs of smaller 

 lateral ones, dentate all around; uppermost 

 leaves lanceolate or oblong, merely dentate, 

 short-petioled; flowers yellow, 7 // ~9 // broad; 

 pedicels rather stout, spreading, 5 // ~7 // long 

 in fruit; pods spreading or ascending, terete, 

 constricted between the seeds ; beak flat, 

 equalling or sometimes longer than the pod; 

 seeds light brown. 



In waste places and fields, occasional, mostly 

 escaped from cultivation. Adventive from Eu- 

 rope. Native also of western Asia. Summer. 



