446 



VIOLACEAE. 



Petals blue, purple, cream-color or white. 

 Stipules entire; plant tall. 

 Stipules incised, fimbriate or pinnatifid. 



Perennial by rootstocks; stipules much smaller than the blades. 

 Spur of corolla shorter than the petals. 



Glabrous, or nearly so; upper leaves mostly pointed. 

 Petals cream-color, the lower one purplish-veined. 

 Petals blue, rarely white. 



Finely puberulent; leaves mostly all rounded or obtuse. 

 Stems spreading or ascending; leaves, or some of them, 



Stems prostrate ; leaves orbicular; southern. 

 Spur of corolla longer than the petals. 

 Annual; stipules large, foliaceous. 



Stem stout; flowers 8" -12" broad ; plant escaped from gardens. 28. 

 Stem slender; flowers 5" -8" broad; plant of dry fields. 29. 



[Vol.. II. 



22. V. Canadensis. 



23. V. striata. 



24. V. Labradorica. 



ovate; northern. 



25. V. arenaria. 



26. V. mnlticaulis. 



27. V. rostra/a. 



V. tricolor, 

 I', tenella. 



i. Viola palmata L. Early Blue Violet. (Fig. 2484.) 



Viola palmata L. Sp. PI. 933. 1753. 

 / 'tola ciicnllala var. palmata A. Gray, 

 Man. Ed. 5, 78. 1867. 



Pubescent, villous or glabrous, acau- 

 lescent; rootstock thick, usually ob- 

 lique, sometimes branched. Flower- 

 ing scapes erect or ascending, com- 

 monly shorter than the leaves, some- 

 times longer; petioles mostly becoming 

 much longer than the blades; blades 

 variously 3-i3-lobed, i^'-S' long 

 when mature and about equally wide 

 or wider, or some of the outer ones 

 merely crenate-dentate; lobes lanceo- 

 late, ovate or oblong, crenate-dentate, 

 the middle one usually much the 

 broadest, the lateral ones often very 

 oblique; sepals lanceolate or linear-ob- 

 long, acute, acuminate or obtusish; 

 petals bright blue, rarely paler or 

 white, 5"-i2" long; lateral petals 

 bearded; style beardless; capsules 4"- 

 6" long, those from the numerous 

 later cleistogamous flowers on horizon- 

 tal or deflcxed peduncles. 



In dry soil, mostly in woods, rarely in meadows, Maine to southern Ontario and Minnesota, south 

 to Georgia and Arkansas. A form with tin- lateral leaf-lobes linear, occurring in Illinois, Michigan 

 and Wisconsin is, perhaps, distinct. April-May. 



2. Viola Atlantica Britton. Coast 

 Violet. (Fig. 2485.) 



I'iola Atlantica Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 24: 



92. 1897. 



Glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs, 

 acaulescent; rootstock thick, erect Flower- 

 ing scapes very slender, 4'-8' high, mostly 

 longer than the leaves; petioles much longer 

 than the blades; blades ovate to reniform in 

 outline, i'-$ f wide when mature, deeply sub- 

 pedately parted into linear or oblanceolate 

 acute or acutish lobes; lobes with a few low 

 distant teeth, or entire, the middle one some- 

 what the widest; sepals linear- lanceolate, 

 long-acuminate, 4 // -5 // long; petals blue, 

 6"-io" long, at least the lateral ones 

 bearded; capsules oval- oblong, nearly 6" 

 long, glabrous. 



Eastern Massachusetts to southern New Jer- 

 sey, in sandy soil near the coast. Simulates V. 

 pedatifida. May-June. 



