Voi,. II.] CACTUS FAMILY. 461 



2. Echinocereus caespitosus Engelm. & Gray. Tufted Cereus. (Fig. 2523.) 



Cereus caespitosus Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. 



Hist. 5: 247. 1845. 

 Echinocereus caespitosus Engelm. Wisliz. Tour 



North. Mexico, no. 1848. 



Stems ovoid-globose to ovoid-cylindric, usually 

 tufted, sometimes as many as 12 together, some- 

 times single, i f -6 f high, \ f -4f in diameter; ribs 12 

 or 13; radial spines 20-30, pectinate, white, the lat- 

 eral ones the longer, 2 // -4 // long; central spines 

 wanting, or sometimes i or 2 short ones; flowers 

 rose-purple, 2 / ~3 / broad, fruit ovoid, green, 9 // -io // 

 long; seeds tubercled, black, about y z " long. 



Western Kansas (according to B. B. Smyth), Indian 

 Territory to Texas and Mexico. 



2. ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto, Ver- 

 hand. Preiss. Gartenb. Ver. 3: 420. 1827. 



Stems globose, oblong or cylindric, leafless, tu- 

 bercled, the tubercles arranged in straight or spiral 

 rows, bearing clusters of spines arising from areolae. 

 Flowers borne on the tubercles, at or near areolae 

 from which spines are subsequently developed. 

 Calyx-tube prolonged beyond the ovary, usually covered with scales, its lobes numerous, the 

 outer scale-like, the inner elongated. Petals numerous, similar to the inner sepals. Stamens 

 numerous, borne on the tube of the calyx. Ovary exserted; style columnar. Berry usu- 

 ally covered with scales and often with tufts of minute bristles. [Greek, hedgehog-cactus.] 

 About 200 described species, natives of America. Besides the following, some 30 others occur 

 in the western and southwestern States. 



i. Echinocactus Simpsoni Engelm. 



Simpson's Cactus. Hedgehog- thistle. 



(Fig. 2524.) 



Echinocactus Simpsoni Engelm. Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. 2: 197. 1863. 



Stems single, globose or with a narrowed base, 

 3'-6' high, $'-$' in diameter. Tubercles ovoid, 

 somewhat 4-sided at base, 6 // -8 // long, arranged 

 in spirals; central spines yellowish below, 

 nearly black above, 5 // -7 // long, the exterior 

 ones slightly shorter, whitish; flowers greenish 

 pink, 8 // -io // long and about as broad, borne to 

 one side at the ends of the tubercles; petals ob- 

 long, crenulate and cuspidate at the apex; berry 

 dry, 3 // -3^ // in diameter, bearing near its 

 summit 2-3 scales which sometimes have short 

 spines in their axils. 



Kansas (according to B. B. Smyth) to Colorado, 

 Utah and Nevada. April-May. 



3. CACTUS L. Sp. PI. 466. 1753. 



[MAMIU,ARIA Haw. Syn. Plant. Succ. 177. 1812. Not Stackh. 1809.] 

 Stems solitary or clustered, globose or ovoid, tubercled. Tubercles conic or cylindric, 

 woolly and with clusters of spines at the apex. Leaves none. Flowers borne from areolae 

 at the bases of the tubercles. Calyx-tube campanulate or funnel-form, produced beyond the 

 ovary, which is often hidden between the tubercles. Petals in several rows. Ovary smooth , 

 ovoid; style filiform. Berry ovoid or club-shaped, emersed, crowned by the withering 

 corolla. [Greek name of some prickly plant.] 



About 300 described species, natives of warm and tropical America. Besides the following, 

 some 35 or more occur in the southwestern States. 



