508 UMBELLIFERAE. [VOL. II. 



Family 91. UMBELLIFERAE B. Juss. Hort. Trian. 1759.* 



CARROT FAMILY. 



Herbs, with alternate decompound compound or sometimes simple leaves, 

 the petioles often dilated at the base, the stems often hollow. Stipules none, or 

 rarely present and minute. Flowers small, white, yellow, greenish, blue or 

 purple, generally in compound or simple umbels, rarely in heads or capitate 

 clusters, often polygamous. Umbels and umbellets commonly involucrate or 

 involucellate. Calyx-tube wholly adnate to the ovary, its margin truncate or 

 5-toothed, the teeth seldom conspicuous. Petals 5, inserted on the margin of 

 the calyx, usually with an inflexed tip, often emarginate or 2-lobed, those of 

 the outer flowers sometimes larger than those of the inner. Stamens 5, inserted 

 on the epigynous disk; filaments filiform; anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, 

 2-celled; styles 2, filiform, distinct, straight, or recurved after flowering, persist- 

 ent, often borne on a conic or depressed stylopodium; ovules i in each cavity, 

 pendulous, anatropous. Fruit dry, composed of 2 carpels (mericarps), which 

 generally separate from each other at maturity along the plane of their contigu- 

 ous faces (the commissure). Fruit either flattened laterally (at right angles to 

 the commissure), or dorsally (parallel to the commissure), or nearly terete (not 

 flattened). Carpels after parting from each other supported on the summit of a 

 slender axis (the carpophore), each with 5 primary ribs in their pericarps (rarely 

 ribless), and in some genera with 4 additional secondary ones, the ribs or some 

 of them often winged. Pericarp membranous or corky-thickened, usually con- 

 taining oil-tubes between the ribs, or under the ribs and on the commissural 

 sides, sometimes irregularly scattered, sometimes none. Seeds i in each carpel, 

 usually adnate to the pericarp, their inner faces flat or concave; seed-coat thin; 

 endosperm cartilaginous; embryo small, placed near the hilum; cotyledons 

 ovate, oblong or linear. 



About 170 genera and 1600 species, of wide geographic distribution, not abundant in tropical re- 

 gions. The mature fruit is necessary for the certain determination of most of the genera and many >f 

 of the species, the flowers being very much alike in all, and the leaves exhibiting great diversity in 

 the same genus. The family is also known as AMMIACEAB. The following key is wholly artificial. 



X- Leaves simple, undivided, ometimem slightly lobed. 



Leaves narrow, mostly spiny-toothed; flowers in dense heads. 18. Eryngium. 



Leaves ovate and perfoliate in our species; flowers yellow. 27. Bupleiiruiii. 

 Leaves orbicular or ovate, slender-petioled, often peltate. 



Ribs of the fruit simple; leaves i at a node. 42. Hydrocotyle. 



Ribs anastomosing; leaves tufted at the nodes. 43. Cfnlella. 

 Leaves reduced to hollow jointed petioles or phyllodia. 



rmbels simple, few- flowered; plant low. 16. Liliaeopsis. 



Umbels compound; plant tall. 5. Oxypolis. 



X- # Leaves, or some of them, pinnate, ternate, digitate, decompound or deeply lobed. 

 Flowers in sessile or short-stalked capitate clusters opposite the leaves. 2. Caucalis. 



Flowers in simple umbels; leaves pedately lobed. 42. Hydrocotyle. 



Flowers in dense peduncled heads; leaves sometimes bristly. 18. Eryngium. 



Flowers in more or less compound umbels. 

 Flowers white, greenish or pink. 



Fruit, or its beak, bristly, papillose or tuberculate. 



Leaves digitately j-y-parted or lobed. 19. Sanicula. 



Leaves pinnately or ternate ly decompound or dissected. 



Frutt linear, ribbed, long-attenuate at the base. 29. Washinglonia. 



Fruit linear, with a beak much longer than the body. 30. Standix. 



Fruit ovoid, small, tuberculate or bristly. 

 Carpels flattened dorsally. 



Seed-face concave. 23. Apiaslrnm. 



Seed- face flat. 20. Ammoselinum. 



Carpels terete, or slightly flattened laterally. 38. Spermolepis. 



Fruit with 4 strong bristly wings. 



Fruit dorsally flattened ; calyx-teeth obsolete. I. Daucus. 



Fruit laterally flattened; calyx-teeth prominent. 2. Caucalis. 



Fruit smooth, ribbed or winged, rarely pubescent. 



Fruit winged, at least on the lateral ribs, dorsally flattened. 



Plants acaulescent, or nearly so; leaves bipinnate or dissected. 10. Peuccdanum. 

 Plants tall, leafy-stemmed. 



Leaves simply ternate or pinnate. 



Leaf-segments ovate-lanceolate to oblong. 5. Oxypolis. 



Leaf-segments very broad. 8. Imperaloria. 



Leaves temately or pinnately compound; segments broad. 



Segments ovate or oval, not cordate. 3. Angelica. 



Segments large, cordate, pubescent. 6. Heracleum. 



Leaves 2-3-pinnately decompound; segments narrow. 4. Conioselintim. 



* Text prepared with the assistance of Dr. J. N. ROSE. 



