UMBELLIFEREAE. 



[VOL. II. 



12. THASPIUM Nutt. Gen. I: 196. 1818. 



Perennial herbs, with ternate or ternately compound leaves, or the basal ones some- 

 times undivided, and compound umbels of yellow or purple flowers. Involucre none, or 

 of 1-3 bracts. Involucels of several small bracts. Calyx-teeth prominent, acute. Stylopo- 

 dium none. Style slender. Fruit ovoid or oblong, glabrous or nearly so, scarcely flattened. 

 Carpels somewhat dorsally flattened, the ribs or at least some of them strongly winged; 

 oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. Seed- face flat. [Name from the island Thapsus.] 



About 3 species, natives of eastern North America. 



Leaves mostly ternate; segments crenate, thickish. i. T. Irifoliatum. 



Leaves mostly biternate; segments incised or lobed, rather thin. 



Segments ovate, incised. 2. T. barbinode. 



Segments pinnatifid into oblong: lobes. 3. T. pinnatifidum. 



i. Thaspium trifoliatum (L,.) Britton. Pur- 

 ple Meadow- Parsnip. (Fig. 2651.) 



Thapsia trifoliala L. Sp. PI. 262. 1753. 



Smymium atropiirpureum Desr. in Lam. Kncycl. 3:667. 



1789. 



Thaspium atropurpureum Nutt. Gen. i: 196. 1818. 

 T. trtfolialum Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 240. 1894. 



Glabrous throughout ; stems erect, more or less 

 branched, i-2 high. Upper stem-leaves short-peti- 

 oled, ternate, or rarely biternate, the segments ovate 

 or ovate-lanceolate, i'-2' long, crenate-dentate all 

 around; basal leaves long-petioled, sometimes undi- 

 vided; umbels i'-a' broad; petals dark purple; fruit 

 nearly 2" long, all the ribs usually winged. 



In woods, Rhode Island to New Jersey, Tennessee and 

 Illinois. Purple Alexanders. June-July. 

 Thaapium trifoliiturn aiireum ( Nutt. ) Britton, Mem. Torr. 



Club, 5: 240. 1804. 

 Thaspium aureum Nutt. Gen. i: 196. 1818. 



Flowers yellow. Range of the type. Golden Alexanders. 



2. Thaspium barbindde (Michx.) Xutt. Hairy-jointed Meadow-Parsnip. 



(Fig. 2652.) \/ 



Smyrnium barbinode Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 



167. 1803. 

 Thaspium barbinode Nutt Gen. i: 196. 1818. 



Erect, divergently branched, 2-4 high, 

 pubescent at the joints and sometimes also 

 on the young shoots and rays of the umbels. 

 Leaves more or less petioled, mostly bipin- 

 nate (the upper often simply pinnate and 

 the basal 3-pinnate); segments ovate, acute 

 at both ends, or rounded at the base, rather 

 thin, incised-serrate or cleft, i'-2' long; 

 umbels i / -2 / broad; flowers light yellow; 

 fruit nearly 3" long, usually glabrous, 7 of 

 the ribs commonly broadly winged. 



Along streams, Ontario to Minnesota, south 

 to Florida, Kentucky and Arkansas. Ascends 

 to 4200 ft. in North Carolina. May-June. 



J 



! 



T. barbindde angustifolium Coult. & Rose, Hot. Gaz. 12: 137. 1887. 

 Leaf-segments more sharply cleft into narrower lobes; fruit 

 puberulent. Pennsylvania to West Virginia and Illinois. 



3. Thaspium pinnatifidum (Buckl.) A. Gray. 

 Cut-leaved Meadow- Parsnip. (Fig. 2653.) 



Zizia pinnatifida Buckl. Am. Journ. Sci. 45: 175. 1843. 

 Thaspium H'alleri Shuttlw ; A. Gray, PI. Wright, x: 75 



1850. 



Thaspium pinnatifidum A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 155. 1856. 



Divergently branched, 2-4 high, more pubescent than 

 the preceding species. Leaves distant, ternately pinnatifid 

 into numerous oblong or linear-oblong lobes, the basal ones 

 long-petioled and very large ; flowers light yellow ; fruit 

 iX // -2X // long, puberulent, all the ribs winged, but 7 of 

 the wings broader than the other 3. 



In woods and copses, Kentucky to North Carolina and Ten- 

 nessee. June. 



