VOL. II.] 



HEATH FAMILY. 



573 



i. Mairania alpina (L.) Desv. Alpine or Black Bearberry. (Fig. 2777.) 



Arbutus alpina L. Sp. PI. 395. 1753. 



Mairania alpina Desv. Journ. Bot. (II) i: 37. 1813. 



Arctostaphylps alpina Sprang. Syst. 2: 287. 1825. 



A rclous alpina Niedenzu, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. ii: 141. 1890. 



Tufted or depressed-prostrate; branches 2 / -5 / high, the 

 twigs glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves obovate, crenu- 

 late, conspicuously reticulate- veined, ciliate at least when 

 young, %'-i' long, $"-*]" wide; flowers few, appearing 

 from scaly buds before or with the leaves; corolla white, 

 ovoid, constricted at the throat; drupe black (or bright 

 red, according to Macoun), juicy, "*,"-" in diameter. 



Summits of the higher mountains of New England; Que- 

 bec to Newfoundland, Alaska and British Columbia. Also in 

 northern Europe and Asia. Summer. 



21. CALLUNA Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 



317. 1802. 



A low much branched evergreen shrub, with minute 

 linear opposite crowded and imbricated leaves, and small 

 white or pink flowers, in terminal one-sided dense spike- 

 like racemes. Sepals 4, scarious, concave, obtuse, longer 

 than and concealing the corolla. Corolla campanulate 

 when expanded, 4-parted, slightly twisted, persistent, becoming scarious. Stamens 8, distinct; 

 filaments short; anthers oblong, attached to the filaments by their backs, opening by a longi- 

 tudinal slit, each sac with a dorsal reflexed appendage. Disk 8 lobed. Ovary depressed- 

 globose, 8-angled; style slender; stigma capitel- 

 late. Capsule somewhat 4-sided, 4-celled, sep- 

 ticidally 4-valved, few-seeded. Seeds ovoid, 

 pendulous, not winged. [Greek.] 

 A monotypic genus of Europe and Asia. 



i. Calluna vulgaris (L.) Salisb. Ling. 

 Heather. Moor. Besom. (Fig. 2778.) 



Erica vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 352. 1753. 

 C. vulgaris Salisb. Trans. L,inn Soc. 6:317. 1802. 

 A straggling shrub, the branches ascending, 

 3'-i5' high, the twigs puberulent or glabrous. 

 Leaves sessile, about %" long, very numerous, 

 imbricated in 4 rows, usually 2-auricled at the 

 base, 3-angled, grooved on the back, glabrous, 

 ciliate or canescent; calyx with 4 small bracts 

 at the base; corolla about i^" long, nearly con- 

 cealed by the 4 scarious pink or white sepals. 



Sandy or rocky soil, Newfoundland to New Jersey. 

 Naturalized or adventive from Europe. July-Sept. 



Erica cin^rea L., the Scotch Heath, found at one 

 spot on Nantucket Island, has an ovoid 4-toothed 

 corolla, much longer than the calyx (about 3" long) 

 and linear leaves, mostly verticillate in 3's. 



Erica Tetralix L., the Cross-leaved Heath, also on 

 Nantucket, has a similar corolla and linear leaves 

 verticillate in 4's. Both are waifs from Europe. 



Family 5. VACCINIACEAE Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 757. 1847. 



HUCKLEBERRY FAMILY. 



Erect or prostrate shrubs, or small trees, with alternate simple leaves, and 

 small clustered or solitary perfect flowers, the pedicels commonly bracted. 

 Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4-5 -lobed or 4-5-cleft. Corolla gamo- 

 petalous, 4-5-lobed, or rarely divided into separate petals, deciduous, globose, 

 campanulate, urceolate, or tubular. Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes, 

 epigynous, or inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments usually flattened, 

 mostly short; anthers dorsally attached, 2 -celled, the connective entire or 

 2-awned. Ovary inferior, 2-io-celled, crowned by the epigynous disk; style 

 filiform; stigma simple, or minutely 4~5-lobed or 4~5-dentate; ovules solitary, or 

 several in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit a berry or drupe in our genera, glo- 

 bose; cells i -several-seeded, or the drupe containing several nutlets. Seeds com- 

 pressed; testa bony; endosperm fleshy; embryo central; radicle near the hilum. 



