xii INTRODUCTION. 



The text for the families Typhaceae, Sparganiaceae, Naiadaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Ara- 

 ceae, Eriocaulaceae, Pontederiaceae, Smilaceae and Orchidaceae, was prepared by the late 

 Ki-\ Th.-iiMis Morong, and has been printed with very little change from his manuscript. 



Draughtsmen. 



Mt of the drawings have been executed by Mr. F. Emil; he has made all the figures of 

 the Iteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and nearly all of the Monocotyledones, with the exception 

 of those of Gramineae, Melanthaceae, Liliaceae and Convallariaceae; also nearly all of the 

 apetalous Choripetalae, and a considerable portion of the Sympetalae. Miss Millie Timmer- 

 nian now Mrs. Heinrich Ries) drew the bulk of the polypetalous Choripetalae, the enlarged 

 parts being mostly inserted by Mr. Arthur Hollick; she also did some work on several of the 

 sympetalous families. Mr. Joseph Bridgham drew the Melanthaceae, Liliaceae and Conval- 

 lariaceae; also the Ericaceae, Primulaceae and several related families. Mr. Theodor Holm 

 drew most of the Gramineae. Mr. Hollick has made some drawings and numerous enlarge- 

 ments of special parts throughout the work. Miss Mary Knight and Mr. Rudolph \Yeber 

 have also contributed drawings. 



Symbols Used. 



is used after figures to indicate feet. 



' is used after figures to indicate inches. 



" is used after figures to indicate lines, or twelfths of an inch. 



> over syllables indicates the accent, and the short English sound of the vowel. 



> over syllables indicates the accent, and the long, broad, open or close English sound. 



Ni:w YORK, August isth, 1896. 



