PINE FAMILY. CONIFERS. 

 2. Picea Mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce. (Fig. 122.) 



55 



Ahie * Mariana Mill. Card. Diet Rd. 8, No. c. 



. - 



/'///MA //./ Ait II.,,: ;;xx ,-fU 



-//>/o >//;;</ I), ,f II 

 /'/,,., nn;,a Link. I.inn.u-.i 15 S Ja 1841." 



7 '- 





A slender tree, sometimes 90 high, the 

 trunk reaching a diameter of 3*-$*, the 

 branches spreading, the bark only (lightly 

 roughened. Twigs stout, pubescent ; ster- 

 igmata pubescent; leaves thickly covering 

 the twigs, deep green, stout, straight or 

 curved, rarely more than #' long, obtuse or 

 merely mucronate at the apex ; cones oval or 

 ovoid, i'-i%' long, persistent on- the twig* 

 for two or more seasons, their scales with en- 

 tire or merely erose margins. 



Newfoundland t<> Hudson Hay and the 

 Northwest Territory, south t rey, 



along the higher A'llfglu -nii-s to North Caro- 

 lina and to Michigan and Mimifs.iU V. 

 soft, weak, pale red or nearly white . w 

 per cubic foot 28 Ibs. May Jtnic. 



Picea rubra (Lamb.) Link. 

 Spruce. (Fig. 123.) 



Red 



Pinus rubra Lamb. Pinus, i: 43. pi. 28. 1803. 

 Picea rubra Link, Linnaea, 15: 521. 1841. 

 Picea nigra var. rubra Engeltn. Card. Chron. 

 (II.) 11:334. 1879- 



A slender tree, sometimes reaching a 

 height of 100 and a trunk diameter of 4, 

 the branches spreading, the bark reddish, 

 nearly smooth. Twigs slender, sparingly 

 pubescent ; sterigmata glabrate ; leaves light 

 green, slender, straight or sometimes in- 

 curved, very acute at the apex, 5 // -8 // long; 

 cones ovoid or oval, seldom more than 

 i' long, deciduous at the end of the first 

 season or during the winter, their scales un- 

 dulate, lacerate, or 2-lobed. 



Nova Scotia to northern New York and along 

 the higher Alleghenies to southern Virginia. 

 Ascends to 4500 ft. in the Adirondacks. Wood 

 similar to that of the preceding species. May- 

 June. 



4. TSUGA Carr. Trait. Conif. 185. 1855. 



Evergreen trees with slender horizontal or drooping branches, flat narrowl 

 scattered short-petioled leaves, spreading and appearing 2-ranked, jointed 

 sterigmata and falling away in drying. Leaf-buds scaly. Staminate arnei 

 or subglobose; anthers 2-celled, the sacs transversely dehiscent, the conni 

 duced beyond them; pollen-grains simple. Ovule-bearing aments tern 

 about as long as the bracts, each bearing 2 reflexed ovules on its base. 

 or oblong, pendulous, their scales scarcely woody, obtuse, persistent 

 winged. [Name Japanese.] 



About 7 species, the following of eastern North America. 2 in northwestern North Ai 

 3 Asiatic. 



Cones 6"-io" long, their scales remaining appressed. 

 Cones r'-i #' long, their scales widely spreading at maturity. 



