60 PINACEAE. 



2. Juniperus nana Willd. Low Juniper. (Fig. 132.) 



Juniperus Sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. n. 272. 1787. ? 

 Juniperus nana Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 854. 1806. 

 Juniperus communis var. alpina Gaud. Fl. Helv. 6: 

 301. 1830. 



A depressed rigid shrub, seldom over i8 / high, 

 forming circular patches often 10 in diameter. 

 Leaves similar to those of the preceding species, 

 but stouter, similarly channeled and often whitened 

 above, appressed-ascending, rather rigid, spiny 

 tipped, 4 // -6 // long, mostly incurved, densely 

 clothing the twigs, verticillate in 3*3 ; aments axil- 

 lary; berry-like cones blue, 4 // -5 // in diameter. 



In dry, open places, Labrador to British Columbia, 

 south to Massachusetts, New York, Michigan and in the 

 Rocky Mountains to Colorado and Utah. Also in 

 Europe and Asia. The characteristic growth in a de- 

 pressed circular patch gives the plant a very different 

 aspect from the true Juniper. April-May. 



3. Juniperus Virginiana L-. Red Cedar. Savin. (Fig. 133.) 



fti ni per us I'irgiiiiana L. Sp. PI. 1039. 1753. 



A tree, reaching a maximum height of about 

 100 and a trunk diameter of 5, conic when young, 

 but the branches spreading in age so that the out- 

 line becomes nearly cylindric. Leaves mostly 

 opposite, all those of young plants and commonly 

 some of those on the older twigs of older trees 

 subulate, spiny-tipped, 2 // -4 // long, those of the 

 mature foliage scale-like, acute or subacute, closely 

 appressed and imbricated, 4-ranked, causing the 

 twigs to appear quadrangular ; aments terminal ; 

 berry-like cones light blue, glaucous, about $" in 

 diameter, borne on straight peduncle-like branch- 

 lets of less than their own length, i-2-seeded. 



In dry soil. New Brunswick to British Columbia, 

 south to Florida, Texas, northern Mexico and Arizona. 

 AKi> in the West Indies. Ascends to 2100 ft. in Vir- 

 ginia. Wood soft, not strong, straight-grained, com- 

 pact, odorous, red, the sap-wood white; weight per 



cubic foot 31 Ibs. ; used in large quantities in the manufacture of lead pencils. 

 Fruit ripe Sept. -Oct. 



April-May. 



4. Juniperus Sabina L,. Shrubby Red 

 Cedar. (Fig. 134.) 



Juniperus Sabina L,. Sp. PI. 1039. 1753. 

 Juniperus Sabiiia var. procutnbcns Pursh, Fl. Am. 

 Sept. 647. 1814. 



A depressed, usually procumbent shrub, seldom 

 more than 4 high. Leaves similar to those of the 

 preceding species, those of young plants and the 

 older twigs of older plants subulate, spiny-tipped, 

 those of the mature foliage scale-like, appressed, 

 4-ranked, acute or acuminate ; aments terminal \ 

 berry-like cones light blue, somewhat glaucous, 

 4 // -5 // in diameter, borne on recurved peduncle- 

 like branchlets of less than their own length, 

 i-4-seeded. 



On banks, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to 

 Maine, northern New York, Minnesota and Montana. 

 Also in Europe and Asia. April-May. 



