166 



GRAMINEAE. 



37. AMMOPHILA Host. Gram. Austr. 4: 24. pi. 4.1. 1809. 



Tall perennial grasses with flat leaves, convolute above, and dense spike-like panicles, 

 Spikelets i-flowered, the rachilla prolonged beyond the flower and hairy. Scales 3, rigid,, 

 chartaceous, acute, keeled; the 2 outer empty, the lower i-nerved, the upper 3-nerved; 

 third scale 5-nerved, with a ring of short hairs at the base, subtending a chartaceous 2-nerved 

 palet and a perfect flower. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free, 

 loosely enclosed in the scale and palet. [Greek, signifying sand-loving, in allusion to the- 

 habitat of these grasses.] 



Two species, the following widely distributed along the fresh and salt-water shores of the 

 northern hemisphere, the other European. 



x. Ammophila arenaria (L,.) Link. Sea Sand-reed. Sea Mat-weed. 

 Maram. (Fig. 380.) 



Arundo arenaria L. Sp. PI. 82. 1753. 

 Calama%rostis arenaria Roth, Fl. Germ, i: 34. 1788. 

 Ammophila arundinacea Host, Gram. Austr. 4: 24. 1809. 

 Ammophila arenaria Link, Hort. Berol. i: 105. 1827. 



Glabrous, culms 2-4 tall, erect, rigid, stout, 

 smooth, arising from a long horizontal branching root- 

 stock. Sheaths smooth, the lower short, crowded and 

 overlapping, the upper longer; ligule a mere ring; 

 leaves 6'-! long or more, rigid, attenuate into a long 

 slender involute point, smooth beneath, scabrous 

 above; spike-like panicle dense, 4'-i2' in length, 

 6 // -8 // thick, its branches \%' long or less, appressed; 

 spikelets 5 // -6 // long, the scales scabrous, about equal 

 in length, the third usually with the rudiment of an 

 awn just below the apex; basal hairs i // -2 // long. 



In sands of the sea coast from New Brunswick to Vir- 

 ginia, and inland along the shores of the Great Lakes. 

 Also on the coasts of northern Europe. Aug. -Sept. 



38. CALAMOVILFA Hack. True Grasses, 113. 1890. 



Tall grasses with stout horizontal rootstocks, elongated leaves, which are involute at the- 

 apex, and paniculate inflorescence. Spikelets i-flowered, the rachilla not prolonged beyond 

 the flower. Scales 3, i-nerved, acute, the 2 outer unequal, empty; third scale longer or shorter 

 than the second, with a ring of hairs at the base; palet strongly 2-keeled. Stamens 3. 

 Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free. Seed adherent to the pericarp. [Greek,, 

 signifying a reed-like grass.] 



Three known species, natives of the temperate and subtropical regions of North America. 



Spikelets 2"-2^" long, the basal hairs less than half the length of the third scale, i. C. brevipilis. 

 Spikelets 3" -4" long, the basal hairs more than half the length of the third scale. 2. C. longifolia. 



i. Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Hack. 



(Fig. 38i.) 



Short-haired Reed-grass. 



Arundo brevipilis Torr. Fl. U. S. i: 95. 1824. 

 Calamagrostis brevipilis A. Gray, Man. 582. 1848. 

 Calamovilfa brevipilis Hack. True Grasses, 113. 1890. 



Glabrous and smooth or very nearly so, culms 2-4 

 tall, erect, simple. Sheaths shorter than the inter- 

 nodes; ligule a ring of very short hairs; leaves 6 / -i2 / 

 long, \ l /t" wide or less, attenuate into a long slender 

 involute tip, smooth beneath, slightly scabrous 

 above; panicle open, s'-io' in length, the branches as- 

 cending, the lower 2 / -4 / long; spikelets 2 // -2> // long; 

 scales acute, scabrous toward the apex, the outer un- 

 equal, the first one-half as long as the second; third 

 scale exceeding the second, pubescent on the lower 

 half of the keel; basal hairs one-third the length 

 of the scale; palet nearly equalling the scale, pubes- 

 cent on the lower half of the keel. 



In swamps, pine barrens of New Jersey. Local. Aug.- 

 Sept. 



