430 



COXVALLARIACEAE. 



2. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong. Star-flowered Solomon's Seal. 



(Fig. 1032.) 



Convallaria stellata L. Sp. PI. 316. 1753. 

 Smilacina stellata Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris, 9: 52. 



1807. 

 J 'agnera stellata Morong, Mem. Torr. Club. 5: 



114. 1894. 



Rootstock stout, fleshy. Stem rather 

 stout, erect, glabrous, 8 / -2O / tall, straight 

 or somewhat zigzag, leafy. Leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate or lanceolate, sessile and some- 

 what clasping, minutely pubescent beneath, 

 2 / -5 / long, %'-!%' wide, acute, acuminate, 

 or blunt at the apex, flat or somewhat con- 

 cave; raceme sessile or short-peduncled, i'- 

 2' long, several -flowered; pedicels i / '-4" 

 long, usually shorter than the flowers; peri- 

 anth-segments oblong, obtuse, longer than 

 the stamens; style about as long as the 

 ovary; berry green with 6 black stripes or 

 black, 3"-$" in diameter. 



In moist soil. Newfoundland to British Co- 

 lumbia, south to New Jersey. Virginia. Ken- 

 tucky, Kansas and California. Also in northern 

 Europe. May-June. 



Unifolium liliaceum Greene. Pittonia, i: 280,3 related plant with conspicuously folded leaves 

 and longer pedicels, of western North America, from the Black Hills to the Pacific Coast, may be 

 distinct from this species. 



3. Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong. 



Three-leaved Solomon's Seal. 



(Fig. 1033.) 



Convallaria trifolia L. Sp. PI. 316. 1753. 

 Smilacina trifolia Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris, 9: 



52. 1807. 

 I'agnera trifolia Morong, Mem. Torr. Club. 5: 



114. 1894. 



Glabrous, rootstock slender. Stem slen- 

 der, erect, 2'-i5 / high, 2-4-leaved (usually 

 3-leaved); leaves oval, oblong or oblong- 

 lanceolate, sessile, sheathing, 2 / ~5 / long, 

 Yi'-2 f wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, 

 narrowed at the base; raceme few-flowered, 

 peduncled, i / -2 / long; perianth-segments 

 oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, finally 

 somewhat reflexed, longer than the sta- 

 mens; style about as long as the ovary; 

 berry dark red, 2^"-3 // in diameter. 



In bogs and wet woods, Newfoundland to 

 British Columbia, south to Connecticut, New 

 Jersey. Pennsylvania and Michigan. Also in 

 northern Asia. May-June. 



4- 





UNIFOLIUM Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 54. 1763. 

 [MAIAXTHEMUM Wigg. Prim. Fl. Hols. 14. 1780.] 



Low herbs, with slender rootstocks, erect simple few-leaved stems, petioled or sessile 

 leaves and small white flowers in a terminal raceme, the pedicels commonly 2-3 together. 

 Perianth of 4 separate spreading segments. Slamens 4, inserted at the bases of the seg- 

 ments; filaments filiform; anthers introrsc. Ovary sessile, globose, 2-celled; ovules 2 in 

 each cavity; style about as long as the ovary, 2-lobed or 2-cleft. Berry globular, i-2-seeded. 

 [Many plants bear only a solitary long-petioled leaf, arising from the rootstock, whence the 

 Latin name.] 



Two known species, the following of eastern North America, the other of Europe. Asia and 

 northwest America. 



