CONVALLARIACEAE. 



7. Trillium undulatum Willd. Painted 

 Wake-robin. (Fig. 1049.) 



Trillium undulatum Willd. Xeue Schrift. Gesell. Xat. 



Fr. Berlin, 3:422. 1801. 

 Trillium erythrocarpum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:216. 1803. 



Stem usually slender, 8 / -2 high. Leaves ovate, 

 3 / -8 / long, 2 / -5 / wide, petioled, long-acuniiuate at the 

 apex, obtuse or rounded at the base; petioles 2 // -io // 

 long; flowers peduncled, erect or somewhat inclined, 

 i / -2^ / long; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 9 // -i5 // 

 long, spreading; petals ovate or ovate- lanceolate, acu- 

 minate or acute, white with purple veins or stripes, 

 thin, longer than the sepals, widely spreading, wavy- 

 margined; anthers about equalling the filaments; styles 

 slender; berry ovoid, obtuse, bluntly 3-angled, bright 

 red, shining, 6"-io" in diameter. 



In woods, Nova Scotia to Ontario and Wisconsin, south 

 to Georgia and Missouri. Ascends to 5600 ft. in Virginia. 

 Ma3*-June. 



Family 21. SMIL ACE AE Vent. Tabl. 2: 146. 1799.* 

 SMILAX FAMILY. 



Mostly vines, with woody or herbaceous, often prickly stems. Leaves 

 alternate, netted- veined, usually punctate or lineolate, several-nerved, petioled. 

 Petiole sheathing, bearing a pair of slender tendril-like appendages (stipules?), 

 persistent, the blade falling away. Flowers small, mostl}* green, dioecious, in 

 axillary umbels. Perianth-segments 6. Stamens mostly 6, distinct; filaments 

 ligulate; anthers basifixed, 2-celled, introrse. Ovary 3-celled, the cavities op- 

 posite the inner perianth-segments; ovules i or 2 in each cavity, orthotropous, 

 suspended; style very short or none; stigmas 1-3. Fruit a globose berry con- 

 taining 1-6 seeds. Seeds brownish; endosperm horn}', copious; embryo small, 

 oblong, remote from the hilum. 



Genera 3; species about 200, in warm and temperate regions; only the following in North America. 



i. SMILAX L. Sp. PI. 1028. 1753. 



Rootstocks usually very large and tuberous, stems usually twining, and climbing by 

 means of the spirally coiling appendages of the petiole. Lower leaves reduced to scales; 

 upper leaves entire or lobed. Flowers regular. Perianth-segments distinct, deciduous. 

 Pedicels borne on a globose or conic receptacle, inserted in small pits, generally among 

 minute bractlets. Filaments inserted on the bases of the perianth-segments. Staminate 

 flowers without an ovary. Pistillate flowers usually smaller than the statninate, with an 

 ovary and usually with 1-6 abortive stamens. Berry black, red or purple (rarely white), 

 with 3 strengthening bands of tissue running through the outer part of the pulp, connected 

 at the base and apex. Embryo lying under a tubercle at the upper end of the seed. [An- 

 cient Greek name, perhaps not originally applied to these plants.] 



About 195 species of wide distribution, most abundant in tropical America and Asia. Besides 

 the following, about 5 others occur in the southern United States, and i in California and Oregon. 

 Stem annual, herbaceous, unarmed. 



Petioles tendril-bearing; stems climbing. 

 Leaves usually ovate, thin. 

 Leaves usually hastate, coriaceous. 

 Petioles without tendrils or nearly so; stems erect. 

 Stem perennial, woody, usually armed with prickles. 

 Berries black or bluish-black. 

 Fruit ripening the first year. 

 Leaves glaucous. 

 Leaves green on both sides. 



Leaves rounded or lanceolate, 5-nerved. 5. 5. rotundifolitt. 



Leaves ovate, 7-nerved. 6. 5". hispida. 



Leaves round-ovate, often narrowed at the middle, 7-g-nerved. 7. 5. Pseudo-China. 

 Leaves deltoid or deltoid-hastate, 5-7-nerved, often with i or 2 additional nerv< 

 each side. 8. S. Bona-no.v. 



Fruit ripening the second year; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, evergreen. 9. 5. laurifolia. 

 Berries red. 



Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base rounded; berries bright red. 10. S. W'altcri. 

 _ Leaves lanceolate, acute at the base; berries dull red. n. S. lanceolata. 



*Text contributed by the late Rev. THOMAS MORONG. 



1. S. herbacea. 



2. 5". tamnifolia. 



3. S. ecirrhata. 



4. S. glauca. 



