BEECH FAMILY. 



21. Quercus prinoides Willd. Scrub Chestnut Oak. 



523 



finoides Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat 

 Fr. Berlin, 3: 397. 1801. 



A shrub, 2-i5 tall, sometimes tree-like, the 

 bark gray. Leaves obovate, coarsely toothed, 

 wheu mature bright green and somewhat shin- 

 ing above, gray-tomentulose beneath, 2%'-$' 

 long, 2 '-3' wide, mostly acute or short-acumi- 

 nate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the 

 teeth short, triangular, subacute or obtuse; 

 petioles slender, 3 "-9" long; fruit sessile, 

 maturing the first season ; cup hemispheric, thin, 

 about >' broad and one-half as high, its bracts 

 floccose, triangular-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 appressed; acorn ovoid, obtuse, 2-3 times as long 

 as the cup; seed sweet. 



In dry sandy or rocky soil, Maine to Minnesota, 

 south to Alabama and Texas. Apparently inter- 

 grades with the preceding. April-May. Acorns 

 ripe Sept.-Oct. Called also Chinkapin Oak. 



22. Quercus Virgini&na Mill. Live Oak. (Fig. 1249.) 



Qua cits I'irziniana Mill. Card. Diet. Ed. 8, no. 



16. 1768. 

 Quercus virens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 356. 1789. 



A tree, with rough brown bark, attaining a 

 maximum height of about 60 and trunk diam- 

 eter of 7, but often shrubby, the young shoots 

 puberulent. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous, ob- 

 long, elliptic or oblanceolate, apex obtuse, base 

 narrowed or rounded, entire or with a few bristle- 

 tipped teeth, bright green and glabrous above, 

 pale green and puberulent or becoming glabrous 

 beneath, i'~$ f long; petioles stout, i "-3" long; 

 fruit peduncled, maturing the first season; pe- 

 duncle X'-i' long; cup turbinate, 5"-S" broad, 

 its bracts closely appressed, ovate or lanceolate; 

 acorn ovoid-oblong, about twice as high as the 

 cup; seed not edible; cotyledons united. 



In dry soil. Virginia to Florida, Texas and 

 Mexico, mostly near the coast. A'.so in CtU>. 

 Wood very hard, tough, close-grained and di-n-<-. 

 color yellow-brown; weight per cubic fHt 59 Ibs. 

 March-April. Acorns ripe Sept 



Family 8. ULMACEAE Mirbel, Klein. 2: 905. 1815. 



ELM FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple serrate petioled pinnately veined stipu- 

 late leaves, the stipules usually fugacious. Flowers small, monoecious, dioe- 

 cious, perfect or polygamous, lateral or axillary, clustered, or the pistillate soli- 

 tary. Perianth 3~9-parted or of 3-9 distinct sepals. Petals none. Stamens in 

 our species as many as the perianth-lobes or sepals and opposite them; filaments 

 straight; anthers ovate or oval, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary i -celled (rarely 

 2-celled), mostly superior; ovule solitary, pendulous, anatropous or amphitro- 

 pous; styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara, drupe or nut. Kiulo>jx:rm of the 

 seed little or none. Embryo straight or curved; cotyledons mostly flat. 



About 13 genera and 140 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. 



Flowers borne in clusters on twigs of the preceding season: fruit a samara, or nut like. 



Flowers expanding before the leaves; calyx 4~9-cleft; fruit a samara. i. Clmus. 



Flowers expanding with the leaves; calyx 4-5-cleft; fruit nut-like. 2. Planera. 



Flowers borne on twigs of the season, the pistillate mostly solitary; fruit a drupe. 3. Cf/lis. 



