526 ULMACEAE. 



i. Planera aquatica (Walt.) J. F. Gmel. 



(Fig. 1254.) 



Planer-tree. Water Elm. 



Anonymos aquatica Walt. Fl. Car. 230. 1788. 

 Planera aquatica J. F. Gmel. Syst. 2: Part i, 

 150. 1791. 



A small tree, sometimes 40 high, and 

 with a trunk 2 in diameter, the foliage 

 nearly glabrous. Leaves ovate or oblong- 

 lanceelate, acute at the apex, obtuse or cor- 

 date and usually somewhat inequilateral at 

 the base, serrate, i'-2 r long; petioles i^ x/ - 

 2" long; stipules lanceolate, about as long as 

 the petioles, deciduous; staminate flowers 

 fascicled arid somewhat racemose from scaly 

 buds borne at the axils of leaves of the pre- 

 ceding season; perfect or pistillate flowers 

 on short branches; fruit 2 // ~3 // long, about 

 equalling its stalk, its soft processes l /i" 

 long. 



In swamps, Missouri to southern Indiana, 

 Kentucky and North Carolina, south to Louisi- 

 ana and Florida. Wood soft, weak, compact, 

 light brown; weight per cubic foot 33 Ibs. 

 April-May. 



3. CELTIS L. Sp. PL 1043. 1753. 



Trees or shrubs, with serrate or entire pinnately veined or in some species 3~5-nerved 

 leaves, and polygamous or monoecious (rarely dioecious?) flowers, borne in the axils of 

 leaves of the season, the staminate clustered, the fertile solitary or 2-3 together. Calyx 

 4-6-parted or of distinct sepals. Filaments erect, exserted. Ovary sessile. Stigmas 2, re- 

 curved or divergent, tomentose or plumose. Fruit an ovoid or globose drupe, the exocarp 

 pulpy, the endocarp bony. Seed-coat membranous. Embryo curved. [Name ancient, used 

 by Pliny for an African Lotus-tree.] 



About 60 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions. Besides the following, some 3 

 others occur in the southern and southwestern parts of North America. 





Leaves sharply serrate, thin; ripe drupe 4" -5" in diameter. 

 Leaves entire or nearly so, thick; drupe 2H"~3" in diameter. 



1. C. occidentalis. 



2. C. Mississippiensis. 



i. Celtis occidentalis L. Hackberry. Sugar-berry. (Fig. 1255.) 



Celtis occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 1044. 1753. 

 Celtis pumila Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 200. 1814. 



A tree or shrub, attaining a maximum 

 height of about 125 and a trunk diameter 

 of 5, the bark dark and rough, the twigs 

 glabrous. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 sharply serrate, mostly thin, acute or acumi- 

 nate at the apex, inequilateral and 3-nerved 

 at the base, pinnately veined, i)4'-4' long, 

 i / -2^ / wide, glabrous above, pubescent, at 

 least on the veins, beneath; staminate flowers 

 numerous; pistillate flowers usually solitary, 

 slender-peduncled; calyx-segments linear- 

 oblong, deciduous; drupe globose and pur- 

 ple, or nearly black when mature, or orange, 

 4"-5" in diameter, sometimes edible. 



In dry soil, Quebec to Manitoba, south to 

 Louisiana, North Carolina, Missouri and Kan- 

 sas. Wood soft, weak, coarse-grained: color 

 light yellow; weight per cubic foot 40 Ibs. 

 April-May. Fruit ripe Sept. Also known as 

 Nettle -tree and False Elm. 



