Ml'LHERRY FAMILY. 



529 



i. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Osage Orange. (Fig. 1259.) 



T &?' 0n fwmi ^ ervm Rnf Al Month Maf. a: 118. 

 Madura aurantiaca Nut: ^ ig ( g. 



A tree with ridged brown bark, and spreading 

 branches; maximum height about 60, and trunk 

 diameter 2#; foliage puberulent when young, 

 glabrous when mature. Leaves ovate, ovate- 

 lanceolate or ovate-oblong, glossy, entire. jf-V 

 long, apex acuminate, base obtuse, truncate or 

 subcordate; petioles #'-2' long; axillary spines 

 straight, sometimes 3' long; staminate racemes 

 >'-!' long, usually numerous; flowers about i" 

 broad; head of pistillate flowers peduncled, pen- 

 dulous, about i' in diameter, ripening into a hard 

 yellowish tubercled syncarp 2 / -6 / in diameter. 



In rich soil, Missouri and Kansas to Texas. Wood 

 hard, very strong, dense, durable; color bright orange 

 weight per cubic foot 48 H,s. Much planted/or 

 hedges and occasionally spontaneous in the EaM 

 May-June. Fruit ripe Oct.-N.v. 



3. BROUSSONETIA L'Her; Vent. Tabl. 3: 547. 1799. 



Trees, with milky sap, the leaves alternate, petioled, entire, serrate, or 3-s-lobed, 3- 

 nerved at the base. Flowers dioecious, the staminate in cylindric ament-like spikes, the 

 pistillate capitate. Staminate flowers with a deeply 4-cleft perianth, 4 stamens, and a' mi- 

 nute rudimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers with an ovoid or tubular 3-4-toothed perianth, a 

 stalked ovary and a 2-cleft style. Head of fruit globular, the drupes red, exserted beyond 

 the persistent perianth. [Name in honor of Broussonct, French naturalist.] 



About 4 species, natives of eastern Asia. 



i. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. 

 Paper Mulberry. (Fig. 1260.) 



Morns papyrifera L. Sp. PI. 986. 1753. 

 Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Tabl. 3": 548. 1799. 



A small tree, sometimes 40 high, the young 

 shoots hirsute-tomentose. Leaves mostly ovate, 

 thin, long-petioled, serrate nearly all around, 

 often deeply 3-lobed, sometimes with a lobe on 

 one side only, as in Sassafras, rarely 5-lobed, 

 rough above, tomentose beneath, 3 / -S / long, 

 the sinuses rounded; petioles ^'-3' long, hir- 

 sute-tomentose, at least when young; spikes of 

 staminate flowers -2'-$' long; peduncled; heads 

 of pistillate flowers %'-i f in diameter, stout- 

 peduncled. 



Escaped from cultivation, southern New York to 

 Georgia and Missouri. May-June. 



4. HUMULUS L. Sp. PI. 1028. 1753. 



Twining herbaceous perennial rough vines, with broad opposite thin petioled palmately 

 veined serrate 3~7-lobed or undivided leaves, lanceolate membranous persistent stipules, 

 and dioecious axillary flowers, the staminate panicled, the pistillate in ament-like dropping 

 clustered spikes. Staminate flowers with a 5-parted calyx, the segments distinct and imbri- 

 cated, and 5 short erect stamens. Pistillate flowers in a's in the axil of each bract of the 

 ament, consisting of a membranous entire perianth, clasping the ovary, and 2 filiform cadu- 

 cous stigmas. Fruiting aments cone-like, the persistent bracts subtending the compressed 

 ovate achenes. Endosperm fleshy. Embryo spirally coiled. [Name said to be the diminu- 

 tive of the Latin humus, earth.] 



Two species, the following widely distributed through the north temperate zone, the other 



native of northeastern Asia. 



