88 IMPORTANT TIMBER TREES 



cisely like situations. But this is not true with all species. 

 Some have what is designated a tap-root, among these 

 are a few of the conifers and many of the broadleaf species, 

 and the deprivation or severe mutilation of that feature 

 is sometimes fatal, and in all cases retards the growth. Such 

 would best be planted where they are to grow to maturity, 

 although some of them can be transplanted without serious 

 injury. In addition to being relieved from adverse sur- 

 roundings a young tree grown in a nursery develops a fuller 

 and better root system than when standing among worth- 

 less hungry neighbors. This is especially true if it can be 

 once transplanted in the nursery and given more space in 

 which it can grow for one, two, or three years. To grow 

 trees in a nursery until they are large enough to be trans- 

 planted into the forest is no more difficult than it is to grow 

 most garden vegetables. The length of time required is the 

 most important difference. 



As the nursery is the basis upon which any considerable 

 advancement and success in forestry in the future of this 

 country must rest, and the experience of European coun- 

 tries shows that it is so there, a full description of the 

 methods which experienced nurserymen have found most 

 advisable, together with suggestions for removal of the lit- 

 tle trees from the nursery and planting them into the for- 

 est, is surely justified, although it may require considerable 

 space. The professional nurseryman may not find much 

 in this relation that is new, but what he will see is based 

 upon actual experience as exhibited in the largest and best 

 forest nurseries ; and to it is added the careful and diligent 

 personal observation and experience of the author. Rea- 

 sons for doing this or that thing are given and the reader 

 can judge for himself whether they are sound. While large 

 areas are dealt with, an intelligent understanding will ob- 

 serve that small ones are to be treated in substantially the 

 same manner. 



In explanation of the terms used it should be stated that 

 a " seed-bed " is that part of a nursery where the seeds are 



