INDEX 



373 



Crown development, 65. 



Cucumber. ISee Magnolia acuminata. 



Cultivation of plants in forest nurs- 

 ery, 100 ff. 



Cut-over forests, seldom consist of 

 original species, 18. 



Cut-over lands, 14, 42. 



Cutting. See Improvement cutting 

 and Selective cutting. 



Cypress, only one American species of 

 commercial value, 215. 



" Damping-off, " in nursery, how 

 treated, 102 ; prevention the only 

 remedy, 102. 



Decay, caused by disease, 84. 



Deciduous trees. See Trees, decidu- 

 ous. 



Diameter of trees at various ages, 54. 



Douglas squirrel, the, 149. 



Downing, A. J., 205. 



Drills, sowing in, in nursery, 95-97 ; 

 statistics concerning, 367. 



Droughts, caused by absence of for- 

 ests, 8. 



Drying, effect of, on different classes 

 of seeds, 116-118. And see Season- 

 ing'. 



Dry-kilns, uses of, 84. 



" Eaty " fibre, 77. 



Elm, cedar. See Ulmus crassifolia. 



Elm, cork, 297. And see Ulmus race- 

 mosa. 



Elm, gray. See Ulmus americana. 



Elm, hard, 300. 



Elm, red, 297. And see Ulmus pube- 

 scens. 



Elm, rock, 300. 



Elm, slippery. See Ulmus pubescens. 



Elm, weeping, 300. 



Elm, white. See Ulmus americana. 



Elms, the, species indigenous in U.S., 

 296. See under Ulmus. 



Engelmann spruce. See Picea engel- 

 manni. 



England. See Great Britain, 



Erosion, of soil, usually follows de- 

 struction of forests, 8 ; effect of, on 

 reforestation, 8, 9; ultimate effect of, 

 9 ; degree of, important in denuded 

 land, 38 ; in farm lands, 59, 60. 



Eucalyptus, none of the many species 

 of, indigenous in U. S., 348 ; two 

 species successfully introduced in 

 Arizona and California, 348. 



Eucalyptus globulus, 349. 



Europe, consumption of forest pro- 

 ducts in, 128. 



Evaporation, 31. 



Evergreens, include both soft and hard 

 woods in lumbermen's classification, 

 79 ; fall planting of, 121. 



Exogens, the only real timber trees, 



Fagus americana (beech), 310-312; 

 but one species in U. S., 310, 311 ; 

 fungus disease of, 312. 



Farm purposes, growth of trees for, 

 58 ff. 



Farmer, the, must grow trees, 59. 



Farms, lands suitable for tree-growth 

 on, 59, 60. 



Female flowers, 64. 



Fernow, B. E., Economics of Forestry, 

 36 n., 179 n. 



Fertilizers, in the nursery, 104-106. 



Fertilizing, for nursery, 90 and n., 92. 



Fibre, defined, 80,81 ; strength of, 82. 

 And see Grain. 



Fields, abandoned, tree-planting in, 

 41. 



Fine-grained, 81. 



Fir, alpine, 193. 



Fir, amabilis. See Abies amabilis. 



Fir, Douglas. See Pseudotsuga taxi- 

 folia, 



Fir, grand. See Abies grandis. 



Fir, lovely. See Abies amabilis. 



Fir, noble. See Abies nobilis. 



Fir, red, 195. And see Abies magni- 

 fica. 



Fir, white. See Abies grandis and. A. 

 concolor. 



Fir, yellow, 199. 



Fire cherry, 39. 



Fires in forests, 8. 



Firs, species of, in U. S., 189 ; their 

 distinguishing feature, 189 ; real 

 economic value of, 198 ; their prob- 

 able future, 198. See the various 

 species under Abies. 



Firs, eastern. See Abies balsamea and 

 A.fraseri. 



Firs, western, species of, 191 and n. 

 And see Abies amabilis, A. concolor, 

 A. grandis, A. magnijica, A. nobilis. 



Flat sawing, 86. 



Floods, caused by absence of forests, S. 



Flowers, in tree-life, 63, 64 ; '' per- 

 fect," pistillate, and staminate, 63, 



