374 



INDEX 



64. And see Female flowers and 

 Male flowers. 



Forbes, A C., Development of British 

 Forestry, quoted, 47 n. 



Forest, history of an average, 17 ff. ', 

 when plants should be set in, 121, 

 122 ; spacing plants in, I23jff\ 



Forest, second-growth, 14 ; need and 

 methods of increasing productive- 

 ness of, 15 , seldom consists of origi- 

 nal species, 18. 



Forest, virgin, area of, being rapidly 

 reduced, 14 ; main source of supply 

 of forest products, 14 ; possible in- 

 creased capacity of, 14, 15; need of 

 conservative treatment of, 15 ; re- 

 moval of mature trees from, 1 5 ; 

 selective and improvement cutting 

 in, 16 ; different species of trees in, 

 43, 44 ; pure and mixed stands in, 

 44. 



Forest crown, the, 33, 34. 



Forest floor, the, defined, 32 ; its pro- 

 per maintenance of great import- 

 ance, 32, 33. 



Forest nursery. See Nursery, forest. 



Forest products, essential to modern 

 civilization, 8; not to be supplied 

 by other countries, 9 ; and the ex- 

 haustion of the coal supply, 10 ; no 

 possible substitute for, 10 ; statistics 

 of, in U. S., for 1909, 10; other 

 statistics of, 12; great sums of 

 money used in exploiting, 12 ; fore- 

 cast of future cost of, 127, and fu- 

 ture price of, 127, 128; probable 

 increased demand for, 12S, 129; 

 consumption of, in Europe, Asia, 

 and Canada, 12S. 



Foresters, differ as to mingling spe- 

 cies, 45. 



Forestry, practical, importance of, 4 ; 

 a science, 5 ; neglect of study of, 5, 

 6 ; principal effort in, should be di- 

 rected to tree-growing, 6, 7 ; conno- 

 tation of term, 15; little under- 

 stood, though a simple science, 15. 



Forestry departments, state, 114. 



Forests, possibilities of conservation 

 of, 3, 4 ; present rate of consump- 

 tion of, 4 and n. ; danger of exhaus- 

 tion of, 4, 5 ; pressing need of con- 

 servation of, 5 ; careless destruction 

 of, 6 ; effect of presence or absence 

 of, on wa.ter-courses, 8 ; how treated 

 by lumbermen and others, 8; no 



seed trees left in, 8 ; destruction of, 

 usually followed by fire, 8 ; in Can- 

 ada and Europe, 9 ; in U. S., condi- 

 tion of. to-day, compared with con- 

 dition in Germany and France two 

 centuries ago, 13, 21 ; treatment of 

 mature and immature trees in, 15, 

 16 ; selective and improvement 

 cutting in, 15, 16; net annual reve- 

 nue of (national), in Europe and 

 U. S., 18 and n. ; and increased rain- 

 fall, 31. And see Forest, second- 

 growth, Forest, virgin, Forest pro- 

 ducts, and Trees. 



Forests, mixed, 43 ff. 



France, forests in, 9, 13, 21 ; success- 

 ful reforestation in, 13 ; revenue of 

 national forests in,* IS and n. 



Fraxinus americana (white ash), 258- 

 262. Cut of seedling, opp. 64 ; cnt 

 of section, opp. 72 ; cut of planted 

 trees, opp. 96. 



Fraxinus lanceolata (green ash), 263, 

 264. 



Fraxinus nigra (black ash), 266, 267. 



Fraxinus oregona (Oregon ash), 355. 



Fraxinus pennsylvanica (red ash), 262, 



263. 



j Fraxinus quadrangulata (blue ash), 

 264-266. 



Fruit, of trees, 86. 



Fuel, growth of trees for, 58 ; amount 

 of wood used for, in U. S., 58. 



Fuller, Andrew S., 218. 



" Fungus of the cutting bench." 

 See " Damping-off." 



Gas, probable duration of snpply of, 

 58. 



Germany, forests in, 9, 13, 21 ; suc- 

 cessful reforestation in, 13. 



Germination, in tree-life, 65, 66 ; how 

 aided in nursery, 98, 99; percent- 

 age of, for 26 species, 366. 



Giant arborvitae. See Thuya pli- 

 cata. 



Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust), 

 323-325 ; not a locust, 323. 



Grass, on forest floor, 34 ; planting 

 trees in, 41. 



Grain of wood, irregularity of direc- 

 tion of, a mystery, 76-78; kinds of 

 irregularities of, 76, 77; meaning of 

 term, 80, 81. And see Close-, 

 Coarse-, Cross-, Fine-, and Straight- 

 grained. 



