380 



INDEX 



31 ; function of, 31 ; circulation of, 

 in tree-life, 67, 68 and n. ; from 

 sugar maples, 278, 279; from birches, 

 307, 308. 



Sapwood, formation of, 72 ; nature of, 

 73 ; moisture in, 82, 83. 



Sargent, Charles S., his classification 

 of pines, 135 ; Manual of the Trees 

 of No. America, 145, 149, 182, 199, 

 296, 345; Silva of No. America, 320. 



Sawing, various methods of, 86. And 

 see Bastard-sawing, Flat-sawing, 

 Plain-sawing, Quarter-sawing. 



Saxony, revenue of national forests 

 in, 18 and n. ; strip seeding in, 23; 

 forest nurseries in, 30. 



Schlich, Manual, 26. 



Screens, in the nursery, 97, 98, 99. 



Seasoning, 82, 83. 



Second-growth forest. See Forest, 

 second-growth. 



Seed, probable failure of, to produce 

 trees under most favorable condi- 

 tions, 19, 20 ; fertile, 63, 64 ; Na- 

 ture's lavish method of sowing, 64, 

 65; sowing in nursery, 92-97 

 (broadcast, 93-95, in drills, 95- 

 97) ; treatment of, in broadcast 

 sowing, 94, and amount, 94, 95; how 

 protected, 97 ff. ; how sown and 

 cared for by Nature, 115 ; germin- 

 ating power of, not uniform, 115 n.; 

 when and how to sow, ll5-118 ; 

 different classes of, 116 ; statistics 

 concerning, 367. 



Seed-bed, 88, 89. 



Seed-drills. See Drills. 



Seeding, spot. See Spot seeding. 



Seeding, strip. See Strip seeding. 



Seedlings, 89 ; protection of, in winter, 

 102-104 ; of different species, aver- 

 age height attained by, in one and 

 two years, 364, 365. 



Seeds, winged, 64, 65. 



Selective cutting, 15, 16. 



Sequoia washingtoniana (big tree), 

 226-228 ; its great size, 227. 



Sequoia wellingtonia (redwood), 228- 

 230 ; its great size, 229 ; probable 

 early exhaustion of, 229. 



Sequoias, species of, 226; the only pre- 

 sent-day trees that existed in pre- 

 historic times, 226. 



Shade, proper amount of, 33, 34 ; dis- 

 tinction between intolerant and tol- 

 erant trees, 35. 



Shagbark hickory. See Hicoria 

 ovata. 



Shallow -rooted trees, 119. 



bhellbark hickory. See Hicoria la- 

 ciniosa. 



Shrinkage, 83, 84. 



" Silver Sheens," 74. 



Size, at which trees should be har- 

 vested, 53 ff. 



Sod, planting trees in, 41. 



Softwood, in lumbermen's language 

 equivalent to conifers, 79, but not 

 to evergreens, 79 ; judicially deter- 

 mined meaning of term, 80; its 

 meaning in this book, 80. 



Soil, products of, only resources cap- 

 able of conservation, 3, 4 - moist- 

 ure in, essential to tree-growth, 

 31 ; utility of humus in retaining 

 moisture in, 32, 33 ; do forests 

 impoverish ? 36, 37. And see 

 Ground. 



Sowing, best time for, 114-118. And 

 see Broadcast sowing, Nursery, and 

 Seeds. 



Spacing trees, in the forest, 123-125 ; 

 should be as uniform as possible, 

 124. 



Spain, revenue of national forests in, 

 18 n. 



Species, should they be mingled ? 43 

 ff. ', contest for supremacy between, 

 43, 44 ; pure and mixed stands, 

 44 ; principles to govern mingling 

 of, 44, 45. 



Spot seeding, a method of artificial 

 reforestation, 24, 25. 



Spring wood. See Wood, spring. 



Sprouts, 17, 18; reproduction of lo- 

 cust by, 322. 



Spruce, Douglas. See Pseudotsuga 

 taxifolia. 



Spruce, Engelmann's, 193. And see 

 Picea engelmanni. 



Spruce, Norway. See Picea excelsa. 



Spruce, red. See Picea rubens. 



Spruce, Rocky Mountain. See Picea 

 engelmanni. 



Spruce, tideland. See Picea sitchensis 



Spruce, white. See Picea canadensis. 



Spruce, yellow, 199. 



Spruces, the, economically important 

 species of, 178 ff. ; increased con- 

 sumption of, in recent years, 178 ; 

 valuable for pulp wood, 178 ; rapid 

 destruction of forests in U. S., 178 ; 



