INDEX 



381 



in commerce, 179. See species under 



Picea. 



Squirrels, as seed-eaters, 149, 153,196. 

 Sqiurrels, Douglas, 140. 

 Stamiuate flowers. 63, 64. 

 Stand, mixed, defined, 44. 

 Stand, pure, defined, 44 ; alleged 



merits and demerits of, 40. 

 Stem, development of, in tree-life, 



68; its struggle for light, 71. 

 Stomata (in leaf), function of, 69; 



must have light, 70. 

 Straight-grained, 81, 82. 

 Strength, determines value of wood 



for many purposes. 85. 

 Strip seeding, a method of artificial 



reforestation, 22-24, 25. 

 Stripped lands, 14. 

 Stumpage, 129. 



Stumps, area of, at various ages, 54. 

 Sudworth, George B., Forest Trees of 



the Pacijic Slope, 143, 170 n., 173, 



191 n., 192. 351. 

 Sugar tree, 276. 

 Snmac, 39. 



Summer wood. See Wood, summer. 

 Sunlight, protection of seedlings from 



excess of, in nursery, 99. 

 Sweden, revenue of national forests 



in, 18 n. 



Switzerland, revenue of national for- 

 ests in, 18 and n. ; forest nurseries 



in, 30. 

 Sycamore, " eaty " fibre of, 77. And 



see Platanus occidentalis. 



Tamarack. See Larix laricina. 



Tannic acid, in bark. 75, 203, 239. 



Tannin. See Tannic acid. 



Tap-root, presence of, adverse to 

 nursery-growth, 88; defined, 119; 

 function of, 119; varies in different 

 species, 119; unsuccessful attempts 

 to deal with, 119, 120; 107, 108, 

 112. 



Tap-rooted trees, 119. 



Tarodinm distichum (bald cypress), 

 215-218. 



Texture, an element of value in wood, 



X'.. 



Thinning-out, in forest nursery, 106 ; 



in forest, 124. 

 Thuya occidentalis ("white cedar, or 



arborvitaO, 210-212. 

 Thuya plicata (giant arborviUe), 210, 



213. 214. 



Tilia americana (basswood), 302-305. 



Tilia heterophyUa (white basswood), 

 302-305. 



Tilia pubescent (downy basswood), 

 804-806. 



Timber famine, imminence of, 9, 128; 

 not to be averted by use of species 

 heretofore deemed of little value, 

 12, 13. 



Timber trees, divided into softwoods 

 and hardwoods, 79; inaccuracy of 

 this classification, 79. 



"Tolerant" trees, defined, 35; min- 

 gling of, with intolerant, 45. 



Transplant nursery. See Nursery, 

 transplant. 



Transplanting young trees from the 

 nursery, 28-30; more important 

 for conifers than for broadleaf 

 trees, 111, 112; proper time for, 

 112, 113. 



" Transplants," 89. 



Tree-culture, underlying principles 

 of, everywhere the same, 21. 



Tree-growing, most important branch 

 of forestry to-day, 6, 7, 13; in 

 reforestation, 17 ff.\ comparative 

 areas required for natural and arti- 

 ficial methods, 18 ; moisture essen- 

 tial to, 31 ; in nursery, described, 

 87 ff.\ will it ever be profitable in 

 U. S. ? 126-129 ; not unless eco- 

 nomic conditions change, 126; fore- 

 cast of future cost and price of 

 products of, 127, 128, 129. And see 

 Tree-growth. 



Tree-growth, light essential to, 35, 

 but not in unvarying degree,35 ; con- 

 stituents of soil required for, in cer- 

 tain cases, 36 ; demands of, on soil, 

 36 and n., 37; methods of removing 

 worthless growth from lands to be 

 reforested, 39, 40; rate of, 41; 

 rapidity of, to govern decision 

 as to mingling species, 47 ; ratio of 

 increase in, 54. And see Tree- 

 growing. 



Tree-life, laws governing, 63^ 



Tree-planting, necessity of, 7 ; in tree- 

 less regions, 51, 52. 



Treeless regions of U. S., 51, 52 ; spe- 

 cies of trees planted in, 51, 52. 



Trees, thirty-one species of, yielded 

 99.9 per cent of lumber cut in 

 U. S. in 1909, 10, 11, 12; considera- 

 tions governing removal of, in re- 



