

• • * ■* * * 



may be due to several causes, and those observed persisted for 

 some time without affecting the general health of the bird. 



Prognosis 



The cutaneous form usually runs a more favorable course, 

 apparently recovering in one to three weeks, when the nodules 

 become dry and scale off. The mucous membrane form is less 

 favorable, the mortality varying from 10 to 50%, depending on 

 the care and sanitary surroundings. 



Aside from the actual number that die we find there is con- 

 siderable loss resulting from the chronic effects. After the 

 disappearance of all visible lesions the birds do not seem to 

 regain their former good condition for months. Egg production 

 is far below normal, and young birds have their growth checked. 



Treatment 



There have been a great many drugs recommended in the 

 treatment of this disease, and so far none of them have proven 

 very satisfactory. Daily treatment of individual birds is a 

 tedious and laborious task, especially where large flocks are 

 affected. 



The lesions, whether on the skin or in the mouth, should 

 be washed with antiseptics, 2% boric acid solution, Vi-1% 

 potassium permanganate, or any other equally efficient anti- 

 septic. The deposits should be removed with a curette or dull 

 knife before applying the antiseptic. 



Vaccination, which has proven very satisfactory, is done 

 in the following manner: A vaccine is prepared by using a 

 bacillus, probably the bacillus diphtheriae columbarum, which 

 seems to be the most important, in conjunction with the other 

 secondary organisms present. This is standardized to a No. 7 

 nepholometer tube, and 1 cc. of vaccine injected under the skin. 

 In some cases a second injection is necessary in 4-6 days. 



Prophylactic Treatment 



All newly acquired birds should be examined and isolated 

 for at least ten days before allowing them to come in contact 

 with the regular flock. 



As soon as the disease is recognized, it is to be recom- 

 mended that all birds be vaccinated immediately to check it. 



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