APPENDICES 



I. SOME ELEMENTARY FACTS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 



The following elementarj'- facts may help the student who has neglected 

 the study of the outlines of Organic Chemistry in understanding the 

 chemical jJi'oblems of physiology. 



Organic compounds are built round the four-handed carbon atom 



When each hand links to the one-handed hydrogen atom, 

 Methane — H 



H— C— H is formed. 



I 

 H 



By taking away a hydrogen atom from two Methane molecules and 

 linking the two molecules together 



Ethane— H H 



I I 



I ! 



H — C— C — H is produced. 



H H 



By further linking more and more of those molecules together, similar 

 molecules containing three, four, five or more carbon atoms are produced. 



When the carbons are arranged in a straight line the normal series is 



produced — 



I I I I 

 — C— C-C-C— 



Where the line is branched the series is known as iso — 



I 

 , , /C— 



-C— C^ 



^C— 



When each carbon has its due proportion of hydrogen atoms it is 

 41 6U 



