almost directly opposite to that causing the other. 

 Writers disagree on this point, and the author knows 

 that he will be severely criticised for the statements 

 he shall here make in regard to the cause of these 

 faulty positions of the feet, but then he is used to 

 such criticisms— or more particularly they may be 

 called the opinions of faultfinders— so they do not in 

 the least disturb him, particularly so, when his con- 

 tinued experience on the lines here laid down are 

 satisfying in the highest degree. Some people claim 

 that the foot points outward — "toes out" — because the 

 elbow turns in towards the body, and per contra points 

 inward — ''toes in" — because the elbow turns outward, 

 away from the body. 



The ground taken in this work is that such theories 

 are not correct, but that the position of the elbow is 

 made to be what it is— relatively to the body — by th e 

 position of the foot on its surface lay, and that as it 

 continues to turn out or in, more, the elbow will be 

 affected in its position relatively in consequence. One 

 writer, who is considered to be one of some eminence, 

 claims that the cause of the foot toeing out, is its being 

 too high on the inside heels and the contrary condi- 

 tion of the foot compels it to toe in. This work 

 assumes a different ground. It claims that the toeing 

 out foot will be found to be too high from the point 

 of the outside heel, all along the outside of the foot to 

 past the immediate point, a direct front, of the foot — 

 though sometimes this increased depth may be notice- 

 able only up to just short of the point of toe, and 

 cease, in other cases, at the outside toe; though often 

 the inside of the foot, from about the line of the win g 

 of the coffin bone, back to the point of heel, will be 

 found to be pushed up so that measured from point 

 where wall and flesh join, at the inside heel, down to 

 surface of wall, it will be found to be deeper than 

 the opposite heel with like measurement. 



The "toeing-in" foot will be found to be caused by 

 the inside of such foot being too high, or too deep, rare- 

 ly, almost never, will the outside heel seem to be af- 

 fected, to correspond, in an opposite direction, to the 

 effect just noticed of the inside heel as affecting the 



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