214 



KNOWLEDGE 



[September 2, 1895. 



igaite.l by a toi-ijh. / is a lock-nut to the cap e. The needle </ i< 

 used to clear the fine steam channel by pushing it through it by the 

 ■nooden handle A. C is a reducing valve to equalise the pressure of 

 the steam containing a membrane i on which steam pressure is 

 counteracted by n spring i-, regulated by the nut I. < 'ondeuseil water 

 from the chamber B is used to heat the oil, whereby comjilete com- 

 bustion is effected, without the necessity of applying a constantlv 

 burning torch. 



\o. 15,773. Dated IHik Au//ust, 1894. Accepted 6th Juli/, 1805. 

 One figure. 



1 » I 



Charles Guest, Longsight, Mancbester. Improved means of trans- 

 mitting power by belt gearing. Eotary motion is ti-ansraitted from 

 one grooved pulley to auother, by means of a flexible tube filled with 

 air, or other vapour, under pressure. For driving cycles an india- 

 rubber tube, of, say, half an inch in diameter, is used, the two ends 

 being joined by dissolved rubber or solution. A small valve is in- 

 serted and the tube is partly inflated, or it may be filled with chalk- 

 dust or other jiowdcr, which is afterwards removed through the valve. 

 The tube is then wrapped round with canvas or other fabric, the 

 whole being bound together with glue or solution, in such a manner 

 that the air pumped into the tube will be held under pressure. 



No. 17,685. Dated Vith September, 1894. Accepted 20th Jiilij 

 1895. 



Geraud Marty, Puymirol, De- 

 partement de Lot-et-Garonue, 

 France. Improvements in ro'ary 

 pumps. (Z is a cylindrical casing 

 formed at its lower end with a foot 

 b. capable of being fixed to a 

 frame. c and c are inlet and 

 outlet passages, e is a cylinder 

 eccentrically attached to the 

 scjuare end of a driving shaft d. 

 ^ is a ring or piston which moves 

 in contact with the interior of the 

 casing a, and having a leg g' 

 sliding between two segments A h'. 

 Ihe action of the pump will be 

 readily understood from the 

 drawing. A double acting pumn, 

 with two cylinders, is also 

 described and illustrated. 



No. 18,376. Dated 28tt Sep- 

 tember, 1894. Accepted 20th July, 

 1895. Four figures. 



THE FACE OF THE SKY FOR SEPTEMBER. 



By Herbert Sadler, P.E.A.S. 



SUNPOTS and faculfe, though decreasing in number 

 and magnitude, are still tolerably abundant on the 

 solar surface. There will be a partial eclipse of 

 the Sun on September 18th, but it will only be 

 visible in East Australia and New Zealand. Con- 

 veniently observable minima of Algol occur at lOh. 32m. p.m. 

 on the 7th ; at 7h. 21m. p.m. on the 10th ; at Oh. 14m. 

 A.M. on the 27th, and at 9h. 3m. p.m. on the 30th. 



Mercury is too near the Sun to be visible in September. 

 Venus is too near the Sun to be observed during the 

 greater part of the month ; afterwards she becomes a 

 morning star. On the 24th she rises at 5h. 30m. a.m., 

 with a southern declination of 4° 26', and an apparent 

 diameter of 58i", yfgths of the disc being illuminated. 

 On the 30th she rises at 4h. 49m. a.m., or lb. 49m. before 

 the Sun, with a southern declination of 2° 28', and an 

 apparent diameter of 54f , yjgths of the disc being 

 illuminated. While visible she describes a short retrograde 

 path in the extreme south of Leo. 



Mars is invisible, and Saturn and Uranus have left us 

 for the season. 



Vesta is an evening star, and but for her great southern 

 declination would be well situated for observation. On the 

 1st she souths at lib. 45m. p.m., with a southern 

 declination of 20' 23'. On the 1.5th she souths at 

 lOh. 35m. P.M., with a southern declination of 21' 31'. 

 On the 80th she souths at 9h. 29m. p.m., with a southern 

 declination of 21° 53'. During September she appears 

 as a 6| magnitude star. A map of the small stars near 

 her path will be found in the Enijlish ilechunic for August 

 2nd. 



Jupiter is a morning star, rising on the 1st at Ih. 28m. 

 P.M., with a northern decimation of 20° 33', and an 

 apparent equatorial diameter of 33^". On the 8th he rises 

 at Ih. 8m. a.m., with a northern declination of 20° 17', and 

 an apparent equatorial diameter of 34". On the 18th he 

 rises at Oh. 39m. a.m., with a northern declination of 

 19° 54', and an apparent equatorial diameter of 33i". On 

 the 30th he rises at midnight, with a northern declination 

 of 19° 28', and an apparent equatorial diameter of 305". 

 He describes a direct path during September in Cancer, 

 being a little to the S.W. of Propsepe at the end of the 

 month. The following phenomena of the satellites occur 

 while the planet is more than 8° above and the Sun 8° 

 below the horizon. On the 5th a transit ingress of the 

 shadow of the second satellite at 2h. 40m. a.m., and of the 

 satellite itself at 4h. 27m. a.m. On the Gth a transit 

 ingress of the shadow of the first satellite at 3h. 39m. a.m., 

 and a transit ingress of the satellite itself at 4h. 32m. a.m. 

 On the 7th an occultation reappearance of the first 

 satellite at 4h. 10m. a.m. On the 12th a transit egress 

 of the shadow of the third satellite at 2h. 18m. a.m., and 

 at 2h. 43m. a.m. a transit ingress of the satellite itself. 

 On the 14th an eclipse disappearance of the first satellite 

 at 2h. 51m. 56s. a..m., and an occultation reappearance of 

 the second satellite at 4h. 32m. a.m. On the 15th a transit 

 egress of the shadow of the first satellite at 2h. 20m. a.m., 

 and of the satellite itself at 3h. 20m. a.m. On the 19th a 

 transit ingress of the shadow of the third satellite at 

 2h. 49m. A.M. On the 21st an eclipse disappearance of the 

 second satellite at 2h. 17m. 7s. a.m., and an eclipse 

 disappearance of the first satellite at 4h. 45m. 13s. a.m. 

 On the 21st a transit ingress of the shadow of the first 

 satellite at Ih. 53m. a.m., of the satelUte itself at 2h. 49m. 

 A.M., and a transit egress of its shadow at 4h. 14m. a.m. 

 On the 23rd a transit egress of the second satellite at 

 2h. 8m. a.m., and an occultation reappearance of the first 

 satellite at 2h. 35m. a.m. On the 28th an eclipse dis- 

 appearance of the second satellite at 4h. 53m. 26s. a.m. 

 On the 29th a transit ingress of the shadow of the first 

 satellite at 3h. 4ym. a.m., and of the satellite itself at 

 4h. 57m. A.M. On the 30th an eclipse disappearance of 

 the first satellite at Ih. 6m. 43s. a.m., an occultation 

 disappearance of the third satellite at Ih. 18m. a.m., a 

 transit ingress of the second satellite at Ih. 57m. a.m., and 

 a transit egress of its shadow at 2h. 28m. a m. ; an 

 occultation reappearance of the first satellite at 4h. 33m. 

 A.M., a transit egress of the second satellite at 4h. 50m. 

 A.M., an occultation reappearance of the third satellite at 

 4h. 52m. A..M. 



Neptune is an evening star, and is becoming well situated 

 for observation. He rises on the 1st at lOh. 24m. p.m., 

 with a northern declination of 21° 28', and an apparent 

 diameter of 2'6". On the 30th he rises at 8h. 26m. p.m., 

 with a northern declination of 21° 28'. During September 

 he is almost stationary at about j° S.S.W. of the 6| 

 magnitude star 108 Tauri. A map of the small stars near 

 his path is given in the Kiujlish Mechanic for August 16th. 



There are no very well marked showers of shooting stars 

 in September. 



