288 



KN OWLEDGE. 



[December 1, 1894. 



PROBLEMS. 

 By A. C. Challenger. 



BtACK (6). 



White (7). 



White mates in two moves. 



Black (3). 



W, A WM WM. W4tfi 



iiil m m 

 m m. 



White (7). 



White mates in three moves. 



CHESS INTELLIGENCE. 



Mr. Lasker has now nearly recovered from an attack of 

 typhoid fever, which has prevented him from keeping 

 various chess engagements. During his illness his brother, 

 Dr. Lasker of Berlin, has been in London. 



An interesting tournament is in progress at New York. 

 Messrs. Steinitz, Pillsbury, Showalter, Albin, and -lasna- 

 grodsky are among the competitors. Mr. Steinitz holds 

 the lead, and should have no difficulty in keeping it. 



A match between the Metropolitan and City of London 

 Chess Clubs was played last month. There were fifty 

 players on each side. The final score was : Metropolitan, 

 26^, City of London, 23i. 



Sussex and Hants played their match in the Southern 

 Counties Tournament at Portsmouth on November Srd, 

 resulting in a victory for Sussex. The important match 

 between Surrey and Sussex takes place at Brighton on 

 December 8th. 



►-•-• 



PAWNS AND THEm WEAKNESSES. 



{Continued from p<iiji' 264.) 



The two kinds of weak Pawns discussed in the last 

 number were (1) isolated Pawns and (2) Pawns too far 

 advanced. We offer here a few remarks on three other 

 classes. 



III. Pairs of Pauns. — It frequently happens in the close 

 game that both sides have Pawns at K3, Q4, and QB4, 

 while one side (say Black) has also a Pawn at QKt3. If 

 White now playBPxP, KPxP; PxP, PxP, Black is 

 left with a pair of Pawns at Q4 and QB4. These, as they 

 stand, may be fairly strong, though White has open files 

 in front of both. Nevertheless, such a pair of Pawns must 

 be considered a permanent disadvantage, for the following 

 reasons: — (1) If one is exchanged, the other is left 

 isolated. (2) If one is advanced, a "hole" is left in front 

 of the other, and this hole can be permanently occupied 

 by a White piece, strongly placed in the centre of the 

 board. 



IV. A Pann supporting two others. — Here there is clearly 

 a " hole '' in front of the supporting Pawn. This " hole " 

 may be either temporary or permanent ; if the opponent 

 has Pawns immediately in front of the two supported 

 Pawns, the weakness has every appearance of permanency. 

 The category may even be enlarged. Generally speaking, 

 it may be stated that every Pawn (unprotected by another 

 Pawn) which cannot advance to the same ron- as its neigh- 

 bours is weak. For instance, a player has a Pawn at QB4, 

 a Pawn at QKt2 or 3, his QEP being either off the board 

 or at QR4 ; the opponent has a Pawn at either QR4 or 

 QB4. The result is that the Pawn at QKt2 or 3 is weak. 

 If the opponent has not Pawns at both QB4 and QR4, the 

 weakness may be only temporary, for the KtP may be 

 advanced by the support of pieces. If, however, the 

 opponent has Pawns at QB4 and QE4, the weakness is 

 clearly permanent. 



V. Doubleil Pinrns. — The weakness of these has already 

 been treated of in an article entitled More Chess Fallacies. 

 It need only be stated here that the weakness makes itself 

 felt chiefly in the end game. In the middle game a doubled 

 Pawn is frequently a very tangible advantage, especially if 

 it can be undoubhd at will. 



Contents of No. 109. 



PAGE 



The Home of the Eodents. By R. 



Lydekker, B.A.Cautab., F.lt.S. 2-H 

 The Bacteria of Phosphorescence. 



By C. A. Mitchell, B.A.Oxou. 241 

 The Dadrly-lonfrless. By E. A. 



Butler, B.A., B.Sc 215 



The Canals of Mars. By E. 



Walter Maunder 249 



Structure of the Milky Way. By 



E. Barnard and A. C. Rauyard 253 



Notices of Books 254 



Letters : — G. M. Seabroke ; J. E. 



Gore 2a* 



PAGE 



How Noxious Gases and Vapours 

 from Alkali and other Works 

 are Utilized. By George 

 McGowan, Ph.D 256 



A Classic Double Star. By Miss 

 A.M. Gierke 257 



The Kouiscope. By Dr. J. G. 



McPherson, F.R.S.E 2-58 



The Climate of the Cambrian 

 Period. Bv Prof. J. Lo^au 

 Lobley, F.G.S., &c 260 



The Face of the Skv for November. 

 By Herbert Sadler, F.R.A.S. ... 262 



Chess Column. By C. D. Locock, 

 B.A.OXOU 263 



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