JiNE, 1902.] 



KNOWLEDGE 



137 



recogtiiBc that it only contaius a limited st;itement of the 

 |nitiiion of Egyptology. A few points worth rem;irk occur to 

 us ill glancing through the pa!;;es of the hook. A list of the 

 priDcij)al god.s might have been given ; at present the word 

 " god ' is not indexed. We also miss the words " metals " 

 and "chronology, " though both deserve a paragraph. Under 

 " zodi.ic " it is stated that the zodiacs found in Egypt " were 

 borrowed from the Greeks," whereas the reverse was probably 

 the case. Under " temples " no mention is made of the care 

 taken in their foundation to keep the axis in a definite direction, 

 or of their use for observations of the rising or setting of the 

 sun and stars ; and no reference is made to the remarkable fact 

 that the bases of the (ireat Pyramids lie in the four cardinal 

 points. Sirius is said to be in the constellation Canis, instead 

 of Canis Major. Concerning the source of the Nile it is 

 remarked " modern travellers place it in the Victoria Nyanza 

 Lake, but it is quite possible that it rises even further south of 

 the Equator." Whether the Kagera, the Shimeya, or the Mwaru 

 is the head stream of the Nile may be doubtful, but no one now 

 considers the Victoria Nyanza to be the source. Putting aside 

 minor mistakes of this character, the book will be handy as a 

 guide, though it cannot be taken as authoritative. 



"An Intuoihctiox to the Study di- tiih Co.mi'arativk 

 An.vtomy of Am.m.vijs." Vol. II. By Gilbert C. Bourne, 

 M..\.. n.sc, i-.L.s. (London : George Bell & Sons. i;t02.)— As 

 in his previous volume, Dr. Bourne has contrived to crowd into 

 a small space a vast amount of information specially designed 

 for students reading for the preliminary and intermediate science 

 examinations in the Universities of Great Britain. But so well 

 has the work been planned, and so carefully and discreetly have 

 his facts been selected that we venture to predict his two 

 volumes will be treasured long after they have served the pur- 

 jxjses for which they are written. The present volume deals 

 with the platyhelmia, annelida, moUusca, gastropoda, .irthro- 

 poda, cephalochorda, elasmobranch fishes and mammalia, and 

 contains a chapter on the development of the frog. According 

 to the plan of the work only the essential features of the various 

 grou])S are discussed, and room is even found, here and there, 

 for philosophical speculation which must certainly greatly add 

 to the value of the work. 



"We have received several volumes of the L^nit Library. The 

 main feature of this latest addition to the growing family of 

 miniature booklets is that they are to be sold at prices based on 

 the number of pages, irrespective of internal worth. The covers 

 and general appearance are pleasantly decorative and the type 



clear. >-•- — 



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THE NOBODIES,-A SEA-FARING FAMILY. 



By Rev. T. R. R. Stebbin'g, m.a., f.e.s., f.l.s. 

 CHAPTER in. 



In the upper classes of the animal kingdom, among 

 creatures that display bilateral symmetry, the head is 

 always set on in front. When Herodotus heard from the 

 Libyans of a headless tribe with eyes in their breasts, he 

 characterized this and some other marvels as a jiack of 

 lies. A sermon attributed to St. Augustine makes the 

 eloquent Numidian bishop claim to have actually seen the 

 tribe of which Herodotus had only incredulously heard, 

 but the sermon has been denoimeed as a shameless forgery. 

 Stories there are of men who carry their heads under their 

 arms. Anyone can do that who appropriates his neigh- 

 liour's head for the purpose. Such an exception is purely 

 artificial. Even the Pycnogonida have their heads iu the 

 ordinary position, though for reasons best known to 

 themselves here again they are not content to do the usual 

 thing in the usual fashion. A dispassionate observer, 

 unbiased by inquisitive researches, would readily, one 

 might almost say reasonably, conclude that for this group 

 the head is constituted by the prominent, generally large, 

 often very freely movable, front portion of the animal 

 which contains the mouth. Head aud mouth are in fact 

 among the names which have been applied to this part. 

 It has also been designated by words signifying rostrum, 

 siphon, proboscis. Of the five, the last has been the 

 favourite term. It must not, however, be taken to imply 

 a nasal prolongation, as in tlie elejihant and the tapir ; 

 nor is it composed of modified jaws as in insects. This 

 was an early view of it, which recent authorities strenuously 

 reject It is tubufeir, with a cylindrical or fusiform 

 apjiearance emerging from a three-sided structure, in which 

 an upper plate forms the roof, the other two constituents 

 meetiag in a more or less keel-like manner below. The 

 opening aud shutting of the mouth at the anterior end is 

 managed by three little valve-like plates, or some e(juivaleut 

 arrangement. The internal mechanism is described by 

 E. B. WUson as an apparatus for masticating food, by 

 Meinert as a filtering apparatus, by Dohrn as a creel-like 

 trap contrived, like those in which crabs and lobsters are 

 caught, to let things in and not to let them out again. 

 It is generally agreed that, in animals which take food, 



