July, 1902.] 



KNOWLEDGE, 



167 



During the luontli the moou occults two 4th maLjuitude 

 stars, and approaches very near to another. The following 

 are the particulars :- 



The Planets. — Mercury is a morning star, at greatest 

 westorly elongation of 20' 35' on the 16th, when he rises 

 in the N.E. about 2.40 a.m., or about Ih. 20iii. in advance 

 of the sun. 



Venus is a morning star in Taurus, but is becoming 

 more gibbous and dwindling in apparent diameter. Near 

 the middle of the month she rises in the N.E. about 

 1.30 A..M., or about 2 J hours before the sun. Shoi'tly after 

 rising on the morning of the 29th, she is near the star 

 ft Geuiinorum. 



Mars is a morning star and rises some two hours before 

 the sun. 



Vesta, the brightest of the minor planets, is in 

 Sagittarius, near to 51 and 52 Sagittarii. On the loth 

 she is in opposition, and during the month she is 

 observable as a 6th magnitude star, having a westerly or 

 retrograde path, as shown on the diagram below. 



Chart showing Path of Vesta in Sagittarius. 



.Tupiter now becomes observable before midnight, about 

 which time he is the most conspicuous object looking 

 towards the south-east not very high up. At the beginning 

 of the mouth he rises about 10 p.m., whilst on the 31 st he 

 rises at 8 p.m. 



On the 1st, observing about lialf an hour after midnight, 

 all the satellites will appear in close proximity to each 

 other on the eastern side of tlie planet, whilst "about the 

 same tira§ on the 4th, 12th, 18th, 19th, 2lst, LTjth, and 

 27th. three satellites only will be observable, the other 

 satellite being out of view, either in front, behind, or in 

 the shadow of Jupiter. 



Saturn is in Sagittarius, being about au hour and a half 

 to the west of Jupiter, and the next mo.st conspicuous 

 object to that planet looking southwards, rather low down. 



The planet is exactly south at 1.20 a.m. on the 1st, and 

 at 11.7 P.M. on the 31st. He is in op[)ositiou to the .sun 

 on the 18th at 1 a.m., on which date his apparent diameter 

 is 17"0. According to Mr. Whitmell, about opposition 

 the earth is so situated with respect to the ring plane, that 

 a suitably placed t>bserver should be able to see a portion 

 of tlie planet through the large rift in the ring known as 

 the Cassini division, thus a jiortion of this usually dark 

 interspace should appear bright, being illuminated by the 

 planet's surface behind. 



Uranus is in Caprieornus, as shown by the chart given 

 in last month's numlier. Near the middle of the month 

 he is on the meridian at 9.30 p.m. 



Neptune is out of range, rising just before dawn. 



The Stars. — About 9 p.m. near middle of the month : — 

 Zenith . Draco, Hercules, Bootes. 

 South . Corona, Serpens, Ophiuchus, Libra, Scorpio. 

 East . Delphinus, Aquila, Lyra, Caprieornus ; 

 Sagittarius to the S.E. ; Cygnns to the N.E. 

 Great Bear, Cor Caroli, Leo, Virgo. 

 Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia ; Capella on horizon. 



West 

 North 



Ct)C0S Column. 



By C. D. LococK, B.a. 



Communications for this column should be addressed 

 to C. D. LococK, Netherfield, Camberley, and be posted 

 by the 10th of each mouth. 



Solutions of June Problems. 



No. 4. 



Key- move.— I. Q to B7. 



If 1. 

 1. 

 1. 

 1. 



K to Q5, 

 K to Kt5, 

 K to Kt3, 

 K to Q3, 



"No. 



2. Q to B4ch, etc. 



2. Q to B2, etc. 



2. Q to K7, etc. 



2. Kt to Q3, etc. 



The composer's intention (1. Q to KB5) is defeated by 

 1. . . P to K5, 2. QxB, B to Q5 ! There is, however, 

 an unintended solution bv 1. B to Ksq, ch, and 2. B to 

 QKt4. 



No. 6. 



[After other moves there are short mates ; and after 

 three moves of the Knight at KtO there are dual short 

 mates. Evidently these are one and the same dual. Mr. 

 Johnston alone appears to have discovered it. The 

 composer of the Problem points out that if the board be 

 turned round. White can mate in four moves by 1. R x R, 

 PxB(best); 2. R to K4ch, etc. With this" object the 

 otherwise unnecessary Black Pawn at KR7 was added.] 



Solutions received Irom W. Nash, 4, 4, 4; Alpha, 

 4, 4, 4 ; W. Jay, 4, 4, 4 ; G. Woodcock, 4, 3, 4 ; G. W. 

 Middleton, 4. 4^ 4 ; W. de P. Crousaz, 0, 4, ; G. A. Forde, 

 4, 0, ; " Tameu," 4, 4, 4 ; C. Johnston, 4, 4, 5 ; " Looker- 

 on," 4, 4, 4; H. Myers, 4, 4, 4; A. F. (Rugbv), 4, 0, 4; 

 W. J. Lan.l, 4, 4, ; H. Boyes, 4, 4, ; J. W. Dawson, 

 4, 4, 3. 



[There may perhaps be some doubt Bra to whether a dual 



