XOVKMBKR. 1910. 



KNOWLEDGE. 



425 



North Sea and Arctic Seas, the species often attains 

 a size which can only be described as huge compared 

 with the normal t\pe. W'e figure some specimens 

 dredged in The Gut. North Sea (57" 59' N 0" 57' E) 

 at a depth of one hundred-and-forty metres whicli 

 will give some idea of the dimensions attainable 

 under what is no doubt exceptionally favourable 

 environment. We also 

 figure a section through one 

 of these large individuals 

 (Figure 4) which it will be 

 seen is of the microspheric 

 tvpe, as indeed are all such 

 specimens which we haw 

 e.xamined in section. We 

 should, however, hesitate 

 n stating that such indi- 

 viduals represent the 

 microspheric form of the 

 species, as their abnormal 

 size is more probably due 

 to age and an abundant 

 food supply, seeing that 

 other arenaceous t\-pes in 

 the same attain similarh- 

 abnormal dimensions. 



Haplop)n\i<^niiuiu caii- 

 ariciise is commonh' distri- 

 buted on muddv bottoms 

 all round our coast, and 

 although not a frequent 

 constituent in shore gather- 

 ings, its presence can usually be relied 

 distribution is otherwise world - wide 

 recorded range extends from shore 

 to nearh- 4.000 fathoms. Curioush- enough, for 

 such a widely distributed species its geological 

 history is (juite scant\'. According to Brady it 

 does not extend back be\ond the Pleistocene. 



FlCLKl 



Haplophi\!^tuu(i)i canarioisc d'Orbigny i-ar. crassi- 

 iunr}>o. Norman. .\ shell laid open in the median plane 

 to show arrangement of chambers. The opening between 

 the chambers is visible close to the inner spiral. The 

 protoplasmic body in the form of a branching rope is to be 

 seen traversing some of the later chambers. X 28. 



on. 

 and 



Its 



its 



gatherings 



In one of our observation tanks started in .\pril. 

 1910, we were privileged to witness a phenomenon 

 which, unfortunately, we were unable to follow up. 

 .\ fortnight after our observations began we noticed 

 an indi\idual Haplnplimi^iuiiiiu canaricnse resting 

 on the front glass of the tank. The whole shell was 

 surrounded and apparently enveloped in a sphere of 



cloud\- protoplasm (not un- 

 like that observed by Lister 

 and figured in our last 

 paper in connection with 

 Polys/diiiclhi crispal tlie 

 outer edge and surface of 

 which was defined by a 

 dejiosit of mud grains. The 

 shell was "1 mm. in dia- 

 meter and the w hole sphere 

 of protoplasm with the 

 contained shell was '.i mm. 

 in diameter. From this 

 sphere pseudopodia ex- 

 tended in long straight 

 filaments which did not 

 anastomose, and the tv\o 

 longest filaments extended 

 in opposite directions from 

 the sphere to a distance 

 on each side of twenty to 

 thirty times the diaiucter 

 of the sjihere. Beyond 

 this point the\- fined off 

 until thev became invisible 

 under the magnification ( X 65") of the objective. 

 Next day the w hole phenoiuenon had disappeared, 

 and we never saw another specimen of the species 

 though there were many in the mud of the tank 

 when it was washed and dried in September. 

 We cannot, therefore, say whether a reproductive 

 process was in progress or not. 



SYNONYMS. 



HaplophraiiiniKiii aiiglnthians d'Orbigny. sp. 



Spirnlina nggliitiiiaiis d'Orbigny. 1846. For. Foss. \'ienne. 

 p. 137, pi. vii, iigs. 10-12. 



Spiroliiia simplex Reuss. 1855, Sitznngsb. d. K. Ak. W'iss. 

 W'ien. \oI. xviii. p. 2i2. pi. ii, fig. 30. 



Haplophragmiitm rcctiiin Brady, 1876, Monograph Carb. 

 and Permian Foram.. p. 66. pi. viii, figs. 8, 9. 



Haplophyagiiiiuni ciggliitiiians id'Orbignyt Brady. 1884, 

 Foram. Challenger, p. 301, pi. xx.xii. figs. 19-26. 



Haplophraginium agglutinans (d'Orbi.gny) Balkwill and 

 Wright, 1885, Trans. R. Irish .Acad., xxviii (Science), 

 p. 330. pi. xiii. figs. 18-20. 



Haplophragmiiiiii agglutinans (d'Orbigny) Brady. 1S87- 

 Synopsis British Foram. Jour. R. Mic. Soc, p. 889. 



Haplophragmium agglutinans (d'Orbigny) Goes. 1894, 

 .■Arctic and Scandinavian Foram.. p. Z2>. pi. v, figs. 140, 141. 



Haplophragmium canaricnse d'Orbigny, sp. 



X:)nionina canaricnsis. d'Orbigny. 1839. Foram. Canaries. 



p. 128. pi. ii. figs. 5i. 34. 

 Placopsilina canariensis (d'Orbigny) Parker & Jnnes. 1857. 



.\nn. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. xix. p. 301. pi. x, 



figs. 13. 14. 

 Xonioninajcffrcysii. Williamson. 1858. Recent British Foram.. 



p. 34. pi. iii. figs. 72. 73. 

 Litiiola canaricnsis (d'Orbigny/ Brady. 1864, Trans. Linn. 



Soc. Lend., vol. xxiv. p. 472. 

 I.itiiola nantiloidca %ar. canaricnsis (d'Orbigny) (pars) 



Parker \- Jones. 1865. Pent-. Trans., vol. civ. p. 406, 



pi. XV, fig. 45 a.b. 

 Haplophragmium canaricnse (d'Orbigny) Brady. 1884. 



Foram. Challenger, p. 310, pi. xxxv. figs. 1-5. 

 Haplophragmium canaricnse (d'Orbigny) Brady, 1887, 



Synopsis British Recent Foram. Jonr. R. Micr. Soc, p. 889. 

 Haplophragmium canaricnse (d'Orbigny) Goes, 1894, Arctic 



and Scandinavian Foraminifera, p. 20, pi. v, figs. 92-101. 



