JUDGE DUEL'S ADDRESS. 319 



stalks, &c., of the crop, should inake from six to ten 

 cords of good manure. Dr. Coventry, late professor 

 of agriculture at Edinburgh, estimated that the straw 

 of an ordinary acre of grain, computed at 21 cvvt., 

 may be converted by the urine and liquids of the 

 stables and cattle-yards into three and a half tons of 

 manure ; that meadows that cut one and a half tons 

 of hay will give four tons of^manure ; clover, the 

 first year six tons, and the second year five and a 

 half tons per acre ; and that, with the extraneous 

 substances which may, with due care, be collected 

 without expense from the roads, the ditches, the 

 ponds, and from refuse of every kind about the house 

 and premises, the acreable amount should be amply 

 sufficient for a full supply of manure once during 

 every course of the four-year system of husbandry. 

 Arthur Young, with six horses, four cows, and nine 

 hogs, which consumed 16 loads of hay and 29 loads 

 of straw, obtained 118 loads of manure, 36 bushels 

 to each ; and from 45 fatting oxen, well fed and lit- 

 tered, 600 tons of rotten manure. But an American 

 lawyer,* and an excellent practical farmer withal, 

 has gone beyond these estimates. I visited his farm 

 a few weeks ago, which lies upon the seashore. It 

 consists of about 200 acres, most of which was in a 

 course of crops. The crops of the season had all 

 received an ample supply of manure, as their ap- 

 pearance indicated ; and yet I was shown masses of 

 well-prepared compost in reserve, consisting of yard 

 manure, peat ashes, peat earth, seaweed, and fish, 

 estimated at twenty-five hundred dollars all pro- 

 duced upon his farm. 



The third impediment to agricultural improvement 

 which I propose to notice is the subordinate rank 

 which has been assigned to this employment, and to 

 which the farmers themselves have contributed, by 

 a want of respect for themselves and for their voca- 

 tion. The wholesome habits of society have been 



* W. A. Seelv. Esn.. of Staten Island. 



