162 AMERICAN HUSBANDRY. 



may be considered the effect mainly of confining the 

 breeding to those without this appendage, as some 

 years ago many of them were horned ; and it is now 

 not uncommon to find them with a small horn at- 

 tached only to the skin. The body of the Galloway 

 is deep ; the head rather large ; the eye shows little 

 white, and indicates sulkiness ; the skin handles 

 finely, and is well protected with fine hair ; the beef, 

 when well fed, is of the best quality, and commands 

 the highest prices in the Edinburgh and London 

 markets ; and the flesh is placed mostly on the back 

 and hind quarters, the most valuable parts of a fat ox. 



The Galloways are far more uniform in their ex- 

 cellence than the other breeds of hai'dy or Scotch 

 cattle, and, where seen in this country, there is a 

 greater resemblance than in most other kinds, indi- 

 cating that the type of the breed is more permanent 

 than in some others. The Galloways do not arrive 

 at early maturity, seldom being what is called ripe 

 till four years old. 



The polled cattle are not usually good milkers ; 

 hence but little attention is paid to them for the dairy. 

 The best of the heifers are kept for breeding cows, 

 while the ordinary and inferior ones are spayed, and 

 sent with stots or steers to the pastures of Norfolk 

 and Suffolk, to be fed for the Smithfield market. 

 These spayed heifers never attain the size of the 

 steers ; but they come earlier to maturity, and pro- 

 duce beef of a superior quality. The operation of 

 spaying was formerly delayed till the heifer was a 

 year old, but it is now usually performed a few 

 months after their being calved. 



The hornless cattle are so sparsely distributed in 

 this country, and it not being probable that the breed 

 will be greatly increased, since they are celebrated 

 neither for the quantity nor quality of their milk (con- 

 siderations which justly have great weight with 

 owners of cattle here), it world be of little use to 

 enter into any farther description of them. At pres- 



