THE DAIRY. 237 



through the summer, -will not reach the above 

 mark ; and the owners of such cows may think 

 themselves fortunate if the summing up does not 

 show a balance the other way. 



If the dairy is devoted to making butter, there will 

 be but little difference in the result ; though, if car- 

 ried under favourable circumstances, we think ma- 

 king butter rather more profitable than cheese. 

 Many persons, however, connected with the dairy, 

 think otherwise ; and the difference, at any rate, can- 

 not be very great. To make butter through the sum- 

 mer, the dairy must be so situated and constructed 

 that a uniformly proper temperature may be main- 

 tained ; as it is well known, if the temperature be 

 too low, the cream will be so long in rising as to be- 

 come bitter ; and if too high, as is usually the case 

 in summer, the milk sours before the cream has 

 time to separate, by which much of the cream is 

 lost, and the butter rendered of an inferior quality. 

 In making butter, more is depending on the quality 

 and richness of the milk than in making cheese, as 

 some cows from the same quantity of milk will give 

 double the amount of cream that others will ; and 

 hence the selection of animals must be made with 

 reference to this point. The fact here mentioned 

 accounts for the difference in the quantity of butter 

 produced by different dairies, and the varying esti- 

 mates consequently made of the quantity which each 

 cow will produce in a season. There are some cows 

 that, with good keeping, will make a pound of butter 

 a day for seven or eight months ; and there are oth- 

 ers, that, if they give half a pound a day, may be con- 

 sidered as doing well. 



The breed of cows has a great influence in deter- 

 mining the quantity and quality of the milk. The 

 Earl of Chesterfield, a short time since, instituted a 

 series of experiments with some favourite cows of 

 different breeds, the results of which were as fol- 

 lows : " In the height of the season, the 



