302 AMERICAN HUSBANDRY. 



rich, and the juice sprightly. Ton bushels are al- 

 lowed for a barrel of cider, which, b_) distillation, will 

 yield fourteen quarts of sjj.hts. 



Newark Sweeting. — This is a good cider apple, and 

 is frequently mixed half and half with the Harrison 

 apple when ground. It is of middle size ; skin 

 smooth, colour red and yellow ; flesh firm, sweet, 

 and rich. 



Hewes's Virginia Crab. — From this fruit is obtained 

 the famed Crab cider. The apple is small and round ; 

 dull red, streaked with yellow ; flesh tough and as- 

 tringent, and juice acid. With proper treatment, the 

 cider from this variety is fine. 



Granniwinkle. — Skin dark red, and rough ; moder- 

 ate size ; flesh yellow, sweet, and rich. It is com- 

 monly mixed with the Harrison in making cider. 

 Ripe in November. 



The diseases and enemies to which the apple and 

 other trees of the fruit-garden are subject, will be 

 noticed in another part of this chapter. 



PEAR. Pyrus. 

 This tree is found wild in Europe as far north as 

 the 51st degree of latitude ; and, as experience has 

 proved, when cultivated, is very hardy, and will grow 

 in almost any soil. As it sends down tap-roots 

 like some forest-trees, it flourishes better in deep 

 than in shallow soils ; and in a dry, sound one, will 

 live and remain healthy for centuries. Pears can 

 be propagated either by budding or grafting, the 

 stocks being obtained from seed or from suckers ; 

 and since Professor Van Mons, of Brussels, com- 

 menced his series of experiments with seedhng 

 pears, the varieties, which before amounted to some 

 hundreds, have increased to an immense number. 

 Out of 8000 seedling pears fruited by him, bOO varie- 

 ties deemed proper for cultivating were obtained. 

 Pears are classed as dessert, kitchen, and Perry pears. 

 The first should be characterized by a rich, aromat- 



