306 AMERICAN HUSBANDRY. 



notice only a few of those the most celebrated abroad 

 for this purpose. 



Monarch. — A pear introduced by Mr. Knight, and 

 an excellent variety for the table as well as for Per- 

 ry. The fruit is large and of a very musky flavour. 



Borland. — The specific gravity of the juice of this 

 pear is 1070 ; and, of course, it makes excellent Per- 

 ry. 'J'he original tree of this variety is growing in 

 Herefordshire. 



Oldfield. — A good Perry fruit. From it is made 

 the esteemed Ledbury Perry. 



To this class also belong the Hoi more, Longland, 

 Huflcap, &c., all cultivated mainly for their juice. 



PLUM. Prunus. 

 The Plum is found wild in nearly every quarter of 

 the globe, and the varieties are almost innumerable. 

 The Plum succeeds best in elevated positions, but in 

 all places is liable to suffer more or less from the 

 curculio, which is its greatest enemy. "The Green 

 Gage is considered the best desert plum ; the Wine 

 Sour for sweetmeats ; but the Damson is the best 

 baking plum."* Plum-trees, in transplanting, will 

 not bear to be set deep ; and it is better to secure 

 them by staking than to infringe the laws of nature 

 in this respect. New kinds of plums are readily 

 multiplied from the seed ; and old esteemed varieties 

 are propagated by budding on young stocks, in pref- 

 erence to grafting on large trees. Wounds on large 

 plum-trees are not unfrequently fatal, gum exu- 

 ding freely, and a decay speedily commencing that 

 usually extends to the root, and eventually destroys 

 the tree. 'I'he Plum produces but as a standard tree, 

 only pruning out branches that injure each other by 

 rubbing ; but it may also be trained as an espalier 

 where gardens are small, or space for its growth is 

 limited. The plum is not a long-lived tree, and those 



* Bridjiemaa 



